Appendix:Slovene nouns/first neuter declension

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The first neuter declension follow all nouns that have ending -a in genitive singular. Nouns can follow all accentual types and some can change gender and become masculine in dual and plural.

Basic Sample

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There is distinction between hard and soft stems. Soft stems (those ending in -c, -j, -č, -ž, -š) have -e- in endings instead of -o-:


First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent
nom. sing. jẹ̑zero
gen. sing. jẹ̑zera
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
jẹ̑zero jẹ̑zeri jẹ̑zera
genitive
rodȋlnik
jẹ̑zera jẹ̑zer jẹ̑zer
dative
dajȃlnik
jẹ̑zeru, jẹ̑zeri jẹ̑zeroma, jẹ̑zerama jẹ̑zerom, jẹ̑zeram
accusative
tožȋlnik
jẹ̑zero jẹ̑zeri jẹ̑zera
locative
mẹ̑stnik
jẹ̑zeru, jẹ̑zeri jẹ̑zerih, jẹ̑zerah jẹ̑zerih, jẹ̑zerah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
jẹ̑zerom jẹ̑zeroma, jẹ̑zerama jẹ̑zeri
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
jẹ̑zero jẹ̑zeri jẹ̑zera
First neuter declension (soft o-stem) , fixed accent
nom. sing. sọ̑nce
gen. sing. sọ̑nca
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
sọ̑nce sọ̑nci sọ̑nca
genitive
rodȋlnik
sọ̑nca sọ̑nc sọ̑nc
dative
dajȃlnik
sọ̑ncu, sọ̑nci sọ̑ncema, sọ̑ncama sọ̑ncem, sọ̑ncam
accusative
tožȋlnik
sọ̑nce sọ̑nci sọ̑nca
locative
mẹ̑stnik
sọ̑ncu, sọ̑nci sọ̑ncih, sọ̑ncah sọ̑ncih, sọ̑ncah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
sọ̑ncem sọ̑ncema, sọ̑ncama sọ̑nci
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
sọ̑nce sọ̑nci sọ̑nca

Alterations

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Note: the second form is, if not otherwise denoted, in genitive singular

  • Nouns can have -s-, -t-, or -n- infix and then have no ending in nominative singular.
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, -s- infix
nom. sing. ojẹ̑
gen. sing. ojẹ̑sa
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
ojẹ̑ ojẹ̑si ojẹ̑sa
genitive
rodȋlnik
ojẹ̑sa ojẹ̑s ojẹ̑s
dative
dajȃlnik
ojẹ̑su, ojẹ̑si ojẹ̑soma, ojẹ̑sama ojẹ̑som, ojẹ̑sam
accusative
tožȋlnik
ojẹ̑ ojẹ̑si ojẹ̑sa
locative
mẹ̑stnik
ojẹ̑su, ojẹ̑si ojẹ̑sih, ojẹ̑sah ojẹ̑sih, ojẹ̑sah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
ojẹ̑som ojẹ̑soma, ojẹ̑sama ojẹ̑si
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
ojẹ̑ ojẹ̑si ojẹ̑sa
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, -t- infix, change of open-mid to close-mid vowel
nom. sing. deklȅ
gen. sing. deklẹ́ta
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
deklȅ deklẹ̄ti deklẹ̑ta
genitive
rodȋlnik
deklẹ́ta deklẹ̑t deklẹ̑t
dative
dajȃlnik
deklẹ̄tu, deklẹ̄ti deklẹ̄toma, deklẹ̄tama deklẹ̑tom, deklẹ̑tam
accusative
tožȋlnik
deklȅ deklẹ̄ti deklẹ̑ta
locative
mẹ̑stnik
deklẹ̄tu, deklẹ̄ti deklẹ̑tih, deklẹ̑tah deklẹ̑tih, deklẹ̑tah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
deklẹ́tom deklẹ̄toma, deklẹ̄tama deklẹ̑ti
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
deklȅ deklẹ̑ti deklẹ̑ta
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, -n- infix
nom. sing. imẹ̑
gen. sing. imẹ̑na
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
imẹ̑ imẹ̑ni imẹ̑na
genitive
rodȋlnik
imẹ̑na imẹ̑n imẹ̑n
dative
dajȃlnik
imẹ̑nu, imẹ̑ni imẹ̑noma, imẹ̑nama imẹ̑nom, imẹ̑nam
accusative
tožȋlnik
imẹ̑ imẹ̑ni imẹ̑na
locative
mẹ̑stnik
imẹ̑nu, imẹ̑ni imẹ̑nih, imẹ̑nah imẹ̑nih, imẹ̑nah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
imẹ̑nom imẹ̑noma, imẹ̑nama imẹ̑ni
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
imẹ̑ imẹ̑ni imẹ̑na
  • In mixed accentual types, unstressed e and o can either become IPA(key): /e/ or IPA(key): /o/, IPA(key): /ɛ/ or IPA(key): /ɔ/, or both (srebrọ̑ dative singular srẹ̄bru/srēbru, mesọ̑ dative singular mẹ̄su/mēsu).
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , long mixed accent, close-mid or open-mid vowel on the stem (singularia tantum)
nom. sing. mesọ̑
gen. sing. mesȃ
singular
nominative
imenovȃlnik
mesọ̑
genitive
rodȋlnik
mesȃ
dative
dajȃlnik
mẹ̄su, mēsu, mẹ̄si, mēsi
accusative
tožȋlnik
mesọ̑
locative
mẹ̑stnik
mẹ̄su, mēsu, mẹ̄si, mēsi
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
mẹ̄som, mēsom
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
mesọ̑


  • Some nouns with a stressed IPA(key): /ɛ/ or IPA(key): /ɔ/ can also have dual and plural forms with IPA(key): /e/ or IPA(key): /o/, such as ókno, nominative plural ókna/ȏkna/ọ́kna and rébro, nominative plural rébra/rȇbra/rẹ́bra/rẹ̑bra.
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, fill vowel ə, has alternative close-mid vowel form in plural
nom. sing. ókno
gen. sing. ókna
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
ókno ōkni ōkna, ọ́kna
genitive
rodȋlnik
ókna ȏken, ọ́ken ȏken, ọ́ken
dative
dajȃlnik
óknu, ókni ōknoma, ōknama ōknom, ọ́knom, ōknam, ọ́knam
accusative
tožȋlnik
ókno ōkni ōkna, ọ́kna
locative
mẹ̑stnik
óknu, ókni ōknih, ọ́knih, ōknah, ọ́knah ōknih, ọ́knih, ōknah, ọ́knah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
óknom ōknoma, ōknama ōkni, ọ́kni
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
ȏkno ȏkni ȏkna, ọ̑kna
  • Nouns ending in a non-sonorant consonant and a sonorant or a sonorant followed by -r, -lj, or -nj, have a fill vowel IPA(key): /ə/ or IPA(key): /i/, if the stem ends in -j, when there is a null ending (ókno genitive plural óken, poslọ̑pje genitive plural poslọ̑pij) Nouns without a vowel in the stem add a fill vowel IPA(key): /ə/ in genitive dual/plural. Noun dnȍ 'bottom' has an ending -ov or, as tlȁ, has a fill vowel -a- (tlȁ tál/táł, dnȍ dnȍv/dán), but the -ovversion is preferred. Noun dnȍ is also irregular in locative where it is either dnȉh or dnẹ́h (dnȉh is preferred) and noun tlȁ is also irregular in locative and instrumental (nominative plural tlȁ locative plural tlẹ́h instrumental plural tlẹ́mi/tlí).
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, fill vowel i
nom. sing. poslọ̑pje
gen. sing. poslọ̑pja
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
poslọ̑pje poslọ̑pji poslọ̑pja
genitive
rodȋlnik
poslọ̑pja poslọ̑pij poslọ̑pij
dative
dajȃlnik
poslọ̑pju, poslọ̑pji poslọ̑pjema, poslọ̑pjama poslọ̑pjem, poslọ̑pjam
accusative
tožȋlnik
poslọ̑pje poslọ̑pji poslọ̑pja
locative
mẹ̑stnik
poslọ̑pju, poslọ̑pji poslọ̑pjih, poslọ̑pjah poslọ̑pjih, poslọ̑pjah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
poslọ̑pjem poslọ̑pjema, poslọ̑pjama poslọ̑pji
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
poslọ̑pje poslọ̑pji poslọ̑pja
  • A few neuter s-stem nouns show the effects of the Slavic first palatalisation in the forms with the infix -es-:
    • The noun okọ̑ has the stem očẹ̑s-. It also has a shorter plural stem oč- when referring to human eyes. This stem is feminine rather than neuter, and follows the mixed i-stem declension.
    • The noun uhọ̑ has the stem ušẹ́s-, with a change in accent type. The genitive plural allows both accents.
    • The noun igọ̑ has the stem ižẹ̑s-.
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, -s- infix, showing signs of Slavic first palatalization, change of -o to -e
nom. sing. okọ̑
gen. sing. očẹ̑sa
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
okọ̑ očẹ̑si očẹ̑sa
genitive
rodȋlnik
očẹ̑sa očẹ̑s očẹ̑s
dative
dajȃlnik
očẹ̑su, očẹ̑si očẹ̑soma, očẹ̑sama očẹ̑som, očẹ̑sam
accusative
tožȋlnik
okọ̑ očẹ̑si očẹ̑sa
locative
mẹ̑stnik
očẹ̑su, očẹ̑si očẹ̑sih, očẹ̑sah očẹ̑sih, očẹ̑sah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
očẹ̑som očẹ̑soma, očẹ̑sama očẹ̑si
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
okọ̑ očẹ̑si očẹ̑sa
  • Noun dŕva 'firewood' is also irregular, having two forms for locative and instrumental: nominative plural dŕva locative plural drvẹ́h/dr̄vih, instrumental plural drvmí/dŕvi. The irregular forms are preferred.
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, special accent type for plural (genitive plural allows both accents) (pluralia tantum)
nom. plur. dŕva
gen. plur. dr̄v
plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
dŕva
genitive
rodȋlnik
dr̄v
dative
dajȃlnik
dŕvam
accusative
tožȋlnik
dŕva
locative
mẹ̑stnik
dŕvih, dŕvah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
dŕvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
dȓva


First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , short ending accent, locative plural drvẹ́h, instrumental plural drvmí (pluralia tantum)
nom. plur. drvȁ
gen. plur. dŕv
plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
drvȁ
genitive
rodȋlnik
dŕv
dative
dajȃlnik
drvȁm
accusative
tožȋlnik
drvȁ
locative
mẹ̑stnik
drvẹ́h
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
drvmí
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
drvȁ


  • Some nouns, such as črevọ̑ (stem črevẹ̑s-) lose the infix in the plural: črẹ́va.
The template Template:sl-decl-noun-table3 does not use the parameter(s):
22=črẹ̑va
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, -s- infix, loses the infix in plural
nom. sing. črevọ̑
gen. sing. črevẹ̑sa
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
črevọ̑ črevẹ̑si črevẹ̑si
genitive
rodȋlnik
črevẹ̑sa črẹ̑v črẹ́va
dative
dajȃlnik
črevẹ̑su, črevẹ̑si črevẹ̑soma, črevẹ̑sama črẹ̑v, črẹ̑vam
accusative
tožȋlnik
črevọ̑ črevẹ̑si črẹ̑vom
locative
mẹ̑stnik
črevẹ̑su, črevẹ̑si črẹ̑vih, črẹ̑vah črẹ̑vih, črẹ̑vah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
črevẹ̑som črẹ̑vih, črevẹ̑sama črẹ̑vih
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
črevọ̑ črevẹ̑soma črẹ̑vi

Colloquial and archaic forms

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  • In the 19th century the ending -i was often used in the dative/locative singular instead of -u. This form was already included in the examples above.
  • In the 18th century the endings -ama, -am, and -ah were more common; nowadays they are purely dialectal. These forms are also already included.
  • All nowadays soft stems were up to 19th century declined as hard and that also holds true for most dialects.
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent
nom. sing. sọ̑nce
gen. sing. sọ̑nca
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
sọ̑nce sọ̑nci sọ̑nca
genitive
rodȋlnik
sọ̑nca sọ̑nc sọ̑nc
dative
dajȃlnik
sọ̑ncu, sọ̑nci sọ̑ncoma, sọ̑ncama sọ̑ncom, sọ̑ncam
accusative
tožȋlnik
sọ̑nce sọ̑nci sọ̑nca
locative
mẹ̑stnik
sọ̑ncu, sọ̑nci sọ̑ncih, sọ̑ncah sọ̑ncih, sọ̑ncah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
sọ̑ncom sọ̑ncoma, sọ̑ncama sọ̑nci
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
sọ̑nce sọ̑nci sọ̑nca
  • The s-infix is often omitted in some dialects. (non-tonal)
First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent
nom. sing. drévo
gen. sing. dréva
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
drévo drévi dréva
genitive
rodȋlnik
dréva drév drév
dative
dajȃlnik
drévu, drévi drévoma, drévama drévom, drévam
accusative
tožȋlnik
drévo drévi dréva
locative
mẹ̑stnik
drévu, drévi drévih, drévah drévih, drévah
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
drévom drévoma, drévama drévi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
drévo drévi dréva