-unga

See also: unga and UNGA

Old English

Alternative forms

• -inga, -enga, -onga, -ningas, -nunges

Etymology

From -ung, noun suffix + -a, adverbial suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /un.ɡɑ/, [uŋ.ɡɑ]

Suffix

-unga

1. used to form adverbs nouns, originally from verbal nouns

   fǣringa ― suddenly

   wēninga ― possibly, perhaps, by chance

   healfunga ― by halves, partially, to some extent, imperfectly

   hōlunga ― in vain, without reason

2. used to form adverbs from adjectives

   fullunga ― fully

   dearnunga ― secretly, privately, latently

3. used to create adverbs from pronouns

   hwæthwegununges, hwæthuguningas (“somewhat”, adverb)

4. used to create adverbs from prepositions

   ġēanunga ― directly

Usage notes

• -unga is properly the suffix used with Class 2 Weak verbs, and -inga with all others. Occasionally the distinction is blurred and forms exist that do not adhere to the original rule.

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -unga

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.

Suffix

-unga

1. -ing, suffix used to form action nouns from verbs

   ‎manōn (“to reprove, beg, urge”) + ‎-unga → ‎manunga (“reproof, admonition”)

   ‎korōn (“to test, try, temptate”) + ‎-unga → ‎korunga (“temptation”)

Derived terms

Old High German terms suffixed with -unga

Descendants

• German: -ung
• Yiddish: ־ונג (-ung)