-stʾn'

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

• -𐭮𐭲𐭭 (-stn /⁠-estān⁠/) — Inscriptional Pahlavi
• -ystʾʾn (-estān) — Manichaean

Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam (compare Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Old Armenian -ստան (-stan), an Iranian borrowing.

Suffix

-stʾn' • (-estān)

1. makes nouns of places

   ʾswlstʾn' ― Asōrestān ― Assyria, Persian Mesopotamia

   hndwstʾn' ― Hindūstān ― India

   cynstʾn' ― Čīnestān ― China

   dhmkstʾn' ― daxmagestān ― cemetery

   dpyrstʾn' ― dibīrestān ― school

2. of indeterminate function

   ẕmstʾn' ― Zamestān ― winter

   dʾtstʾn' ― dādestān ― law

   bʾlstʾn' ― bārestān ― patient, resigned

Derived terms

Middle Persian terms suffixed with -stʾn'

• bwdstʾn' (bōyestān)
• bʾlstʾn' (bārestān)
• cynstʾn' (Čīnestān)
• dhmkstʾn' (daxmagestān)
• dpyrstʾn' (dibīrestān)
• dʾtstʾn' (dādestān)
• gwstʾn' (gōstān)
• hmdʾtstʾn' (ham-dādestān)
• hndwstʾn' (Hindūstān)
• hwcstʾn' / 𐭧𐭥𐭰𐭮𐭲𐭭 (Hūzestān)
• hylptstʾn' (hērbedestān)
• KNYAstʾn' (nayestān)
• MDYNA (šahrestān)
• plʾhngstʾn' (frahangestān)
• skstʾn' (Sagestān)
• swkwstʾn' (Sōgestān)
• tplstʾn' (Tabarestān)
• twlkstʾn' (Turkestān)
• tʾp̄stʾn' (tābestān)
• špstʾn' (šabestān)
• ʾswlstʾn' / 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭 (Asōrestān)
• ẕmstʾn' (zamestān)

 

Descendants

• Classical Persian: ـستان (-istân)
  • Dari: ـستان (-istân)
  • Iranian Persian: ـستان (-estân)
  • Tajik: -истон (-iston)
  • → Armenian: -ստան (-stan)
  • → Assamese: -স্তান (-stan)
  • → Azerbaijani: -istan
  • → Bashkir: -стан (-stan)
  • → Bengali: -স্তান (-stan)
  • → Chagatai: ـستان
    • Uyghur: ـىستان (-istan)
    • Uzbek: -iston
  • → Chinese: 斯坦 (sītǎn)
  • → English: -stan
  • → Georgian: -სტანი (-sṭani)
  • → Gujarati: -સ્તાન (-stān)
  • → Hindi: -स्तान (-stān)
  • → Kazakh: -стан (-stan)
  • → Kyrgyz: -стан (-stan)
  • → Malayalam: -സ്ഥാന് (-sthānŭ)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: ـستان (-istan)
    • Turkish: -istan
  • → Punjabi: -ਸਤਾਨ (-satān)
  • → Russian: -стан (-stan)
  • → Spanish: -istán
  • → Tamil: -ஸ்தான் (-stāṉ)
  • → Tatar: -стан (-stan)
  • → Turkmen: -istan
  • → Urdu: سِتان (sítan, -stan)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press