ـستان

See also: شبان, ستان, and -stan

Northern Kurdish

Suffix

ـستان (-istan or -stan) f

1. Arabic spelling of -istan
2. Arabic spelling of -stan

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـستان (-istān). By surface analysis, suffix form of ستان (sitan, “place where something abounds”).

Suffix

ـستان • (-istan)

1. -stan

Derived terms

Ottoman Turkish terms suffixed with ـستان

Descendants

• Turkish: -istan

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ستان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1039

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [‿is.ˈtɑːn], [s.ˈtɑːn], [.si.ˈtɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [‿ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [s.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [.sɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [‿ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [s.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [.sɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [‿ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [st̪ʰɑ́ːn], [.sɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [‿is.t̪ʰɔ́ːn], [st̪ʰɔ́ːn], [.si.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [‿es.t̪ʰɒ́ːn], [s.t̪ʰɒ́ːn], [.se.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [‿is.t̪ʰɔ́n], [s.t̪ʰɔ́n], [.si.t̪ʰɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	‿istān, stān, -sitān
Dari reading?	‿istān, stān, -sitān
Iranian reading?	‿estân, stân, -setân
Tajik reading?	‿iston, ston, -siton

Suffix

Dari	سِتان، ـستَان، ـِستَان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	-истон, -стон, -ситон

ـِستَان or ـستَان or سِتَان • (-estân or -stân or setân) (see Usage notes)

1. -istan, -estan, -stan

Usage notes

When the base noun ends with a consonant, the form ـِستَان (-estân) is used:

‎گل (gol) + ‎ـِستَان → ‎گلستان (golestân)

‎افغان (afğân) + ‎ـِستَان → ‎افغانستان (afğânestân)

‎تاجیک (tâjik) + ‎ـِستَان → ‎تاجیکستان (tâjikestân)

When the base noun ends with a long vowel, the form ـستَان (-stân) is used:

‎هندو (hendu) + ‎ـستَان → ‎هندوستان (hendustân)

‎پری (pari) + ‎ـستَان → ‎پریستان (paristân)

‎سکا (sakâ) + ‎ـستَان → ‎سکاستان (sakâstân)

When the base noun ends with the short vowel ـه (-e) (from Classical Persian ـَه (-a)), either that vowel is rewritten as ـَ (a) and the form ـستَان (-stân) is used, or the base noun is kept unchanged and the non-joining form سِتان (setân) is used:

‎لاله (lâle) + ‎ـستَان → ‎لالستان (lâlastân)

‎لاله (lâle) + ‎سِتَان → ‎لاله‌ستان (lâle-setân)

‎بنفشه (banafše) + ‎سِتَان → ‎بنفشه‌ستان (banafše-setân)

Derived terms

Persian terms suffixed with ـستان

Descendants

• Dari: ـستان (-istān), ـستان (-stān), ستان (sitān)
• Iranian Persian: ـستان (-estân), ـستان (-stân), ستان (setân)
• Tajik: -истон (-iston), -стон (-ston), -ситон (-siton)
• → Armenian: -ստան (-stan)
• → Assamese: -স্তান (-stan)
• → Azerbaijani: -istan
• → Bashkir: -стан (-stan)
• → Bengali: -স্তান (-stan)
• → Chagatai: ـستان
  • Uyghur: ـىستان (-istan)
  • Uzbek: -iston
• → Chinese: 斯坦 (sītǎn)
• → English: -istan, -stan
• → Georgian: -სტანი (-sṭani)
• → Gujarati: -ઇસ્તાન (-istān), -સ્તાન (-stān)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: -इस्तान (-istān), -स्तान (-stān)
  • Urdu: ـِسْتان (-istān), ـسْتان (-stān)
• → Kazakh: -стан (-stan)
• → Kyrgyz: -стан (-stan)
• → Malayalam: -സ്ഥാന് (-sthānŭ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ـستان (-istan)
  • Turkish: -istan
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-istān), -ਸਤਾਨ (-stān)
  • Shahmukhi script: ـِسْتان (-istān), ـسْتان (-stān)
• → Russian: -истан (-istan), -стан (-stan)
• → Sindhi: ـِسْتَانُ (-istānu), ـسْتانُ (-stānu)
• → Spanish: -istán
• → Tamil: -ஸ்தான் (-stāṉ)
• → Tatar: -стан (-stan)
• → Turkmen: -istan

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِسْتَان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Suffix

ـِسْتان or ـسْتان • (-istān or -stān) (Gurmukhi spelling -ਇਸਤਾਨ or -ਸਤਾਨ)

1. -istan, -stan

Derived terms

Category Punjabi terms suffixed with ـستان not found

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِسْتَان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪs.t̪ɑːn/, /st̪ɑːn/

Suffix

ـِسْتان or ـسْتان • (-istān or -stān) (Hindi spelling -इस्तान or -स्तान)

1. -istan, -stan

Derived terms

Urdu terms suffixed with ـستان