-GĄĄZH

Navajo

Etymology

Unknown. The underlying meaning is also obscure. According to Young and Morgan, it is related to the noun íígąsh (“semen”).

Root

-GĄĄZH

1. to have a nightmare

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
l		S has a nightmare ńdiilgą́ą́sh naalgąąsh (CONT) ↳ tsiʼnaalgąąsh

2. to shoot evil with the eyes, bewitch, hex

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
ł		S is able to do sorcery adiłgąsh (REP)	S casts a spell on O — yitaaʼałgązh (DIV) yiyiiłgąsh (SEM)

3. to be rumpled, be hunched

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
l	adjectival	S is rumpled yilgąsh (neuter impf.) shilgąązh (neuter perf.)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM / TRANS	-gą́ą́sh	-gąązh	-gąsh	-gąsh	-gą́ą́sh
CONT	-gąąsh	-gąązh	-gąsh	-gąsh	-gąąsh
DIV	-gązh	-gązh	-gąsh	-gąsh	-gązh
REP	-gąsh	—	—	—	—
SEM	-gąsh	-gąsh	-gąsh	-gąsh	-gąsh
NEUT	-gąsh	-gąązh	—	—	—

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to practice sorcery, bewitch:

• -TʼĮ́Į́H
• -ZĮ́Į́ʼ
• -TIʼ

to have a nightmare:

• -CHĮ́

to be rumpled:

• -CHOSH

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GĄĄZH (bewitch)