-은다

Middle Korean

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɯ́ntá/

Suffix

은〮다〮 (-úntá)

1. Suffix used for asking a question about the listener.
   • Before 1517, 번역박통사 (飜譯朴通事), volume 상(上):

     혀ᇰ아 네 드른다? 셔울셔 ᄒᆡᇰᄒᆡᇰ이 언제 나시리러뇨?

     Hyenga ney tulunta? syewulsye hoynghoyngi encey nasililenyo?

     Brother, did you hear? When would the Emperor's tour of the capital city take place?

See also

Middle Korean sentence enders
Form			Mood	Notes			Applied to 셔 (sye-, “to stand”)
	다〮 (-tá) 라〮 (-lá)		Declarative	Unmarked			셔다〮 (Yale: syètá)
	우〮마〮 (-wúmá)			Promissive			셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá)
ㄴ (-n)	다〮 (-tá)		Interrogative	Realis	Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject		션다〮 (Yale: syèntá)
	가〮 (-ka)				Polar question, non-2P subject		션가〮 (Yale: syènká)
	고〮 (-kwo)				Wh-word question, non-2P subject		션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó)
ㅭ (-lq)	다〮 (-tá)			Irrealis	Obligatory for 2P subject		셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá)
	가〮 (-ká)				Polar question, non-2P subject		셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká)
	고〮 (-kwó)				Wh-word question, non-2P subject		셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó)
니〮 (-ní-)		아〮 (-Gá)		Realis	Non-honorific	Polar question	셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé)
		오〮 (-Gwó)				Non-polar question	셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó)
	ㅅ (-s-)	가〮 (-ká)			Deferential	No polarity distinction	셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská)
	ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-)				Highly deferential		셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská)
리〮 (-lí-)		아〮 (-Gá)		Irrealis	Non-honorific	Polar question	셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé)
		오〮 (-Gwó)				Non-polar question	셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó)
	ㅅ (-s-)	가〮 (-ká)			Deferential	No polarity distinction	셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská)
	ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-)				Highly deferential		셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská)
	라〮 (-lá)		Imperative	Ordering	Non-honorific		셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá)
	아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé) 어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé)				Deferential		셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé)
	쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé)				Highly deferential		셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé)
고〮 (-kwó-) 오〮 (-Gwó-)	라〮 (-lá)			Requesting	Non-honorific		셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá)
	려〮 (-lyé)				Deferential		셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé)
	ᅌᅵ (-ngì-)	다〮 (-tá)			Highly deferential		셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá)
	져〮 (-cyé)		Propositive	Plain			셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé)
사〮 (-sá-)	ᅌᅵ (-ngì-)	다〮 (-tá)		Deferential			셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá)
ㄴ (-n)	뎌〮 (-tyé)		Exclamatory	Self-honoring			션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé)
ㅭ (-lq)	셔〮 (-syé)						셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé)
고〮나〮 (-kwóná)				Only sixteenth century			셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná)
Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive.