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-으리

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Korean

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Alternative forms

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  • (-ri)after vowels and (l)

Etymology

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From Middle Korean 으〮리〮/ᄋᆞ〮리〮 (Yale: -úlí/ólí), from Old Korean (*-ulq, irrealis gerund marker) + (*-i, either the nominative case marker or a semantically light noun).[1] Compare 으니 (-euni).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?euri
Revised Romanization (translit.)?euli
McCune–Reischauer?ŭri
Yale Romanization?uli

Suffix

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으리 (-euri)

  1. (dated or poetic) In the plain style or in poetic monologue, a prospective suffix which attaches to verbs and adjectives:
    1. Marks one's speculation or prediction.
      아들 여기 있었거늘 보고 얼마나 웃었으리, 지독지정 쓰라리기 하구나.
      Nae adeur-i yeogi isseotgeoneul i bom-eul bogo tto eolmana useosseuri, jidokjijeong-i sseurarigi-do haguna.
      If my son were here now, how much he would have smiled upon seeing this spring! A parent's love is bitter indeed.
    2. Marks one's desire or intention.
      기필코 대의 이루.
      Nae gipilko dae'ui-reul iruri.
      I will certainly achieve my great cause.
    3. (how) could...; marks a rhetorical question.
      나라 망하고 살았으니 아니 죽고 어이.
      Nara-ga manghago-do i mom-i sarasseuni ani jukgo eoi-ri.
      The country is gone, but I am alive; what is there to do but to die?

Usage notes

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  • Since at least the fifteenth century, this suffix can be used both at the end of a verb/adjective, and after the stem but before another suffix. See Derived terms below.

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019) “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 55–87