-ւ

See also: ւ, լ, Ւ, and Ի

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *-bʰi. The vowel is preserved in ի-ւի-ք (i-wi-kʻ). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek -𐀠 (-pi), Homeric Ancient Greek -φι (-phi), Sanskrit -भ्याम् (-bhy-ām, “dual ablative-instrumental marker”), भ्यस् (-bhy-as, “plural dative-ablative marker”), भिस् (-bhi-s, “plural instrumental marker”), the plural dative endings in Gaulish gobed-bi (“to the smiths”) and Old Irish feraib (“to the men”).

Alternative forms

• -բ (-b)
• -վ (-v)

Suffix

-ւ • (-w)

2. instrumental case marker

Usage notes

-ւ (-w) applied to i- and i-a-stems, -վ (-v) to o-stems, -բ (-b) to ł-, r- and n-stems. The marker dropped regularly after ու (u) in u-stems, e.g. զարդ (zard) : instrumental զարդու (zardu).

Derived terms

• -ով (-ov), -ովք (-ovkʻ)
• -աւ (-aw), -օք (-ōkʻ)
• -իւ (-iw), -իւք (-iwkʻ)

Related terms

• -եւ (-ew)

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 389
• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 103
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[1], number 10, § 3.3, page 91
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎^[2], Zagreb

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *-to, the third-person singular past indicative middle ending, e.g. in *bʰére-to.

Suffix

-ւ • (-w)

2. third-person singular aorist mediopassive indicative ending of verbs

   նստա-ւ ― nsta-w ― he sat

   հայեցա-ւ ― hayecʻa-w ― he looked

See also

• -ան (-an)

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 392