-եալ

Old Armenian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-isālo-, composed of the aorist suffix *-is-ā- and the suffix *-lós. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic -лъ (-lŭ), used in the formation of the periphrastic Slavic perfect, e.g. неслъ (neslŭ), билъ (bilŭ, “beaten”).

Suffix

-եալ • (-eal)

1. Attached to the aorist stem of the verb to form its participle.

   մնալ ― mnal ― to remain

   մնաց- ― mnacʻ- ― [the aorist stem]

   մնացեալ ― mnacʻeal ― left, remaining

2. Forming adjectives.

Usage notes

Old Armenian had one true participle, the “past” one. See the notes at -ող (-oł).

Declension

o-type

	singular		plural
nominative	-եալ (-eal)		-եալք (-ealkʻ)
genitive	-ելոյ (-eloy)		-ելոց (-elocʻ)
dative	-ելոյ (-eloy)		-ելոց (-elocʻ)
accusative	-եալ (-eal)		-եալս (-eals)
ablative	-ելոյ (-eloy)		-ելոց (-elocʻ)
instrumental	-ելով (-elov)		-ելովք (-elovkʻ)
locative	-եալ (-eal)		-եալս (-eals)

Derived terms

Old Armenian terms suffixed with -եալ

Descendants

• Armenian: -յալ (-yal)

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 392
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1998) “-եալ”, in Hin hayereni verǰacancʻneri cagumə [The Origin of Old Armenian Suffixes] (Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Anania Širakacʻi, pages 5–48