-եալ

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Old Armenian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *-isālo-, composed of the aorist suffix *-is-ā- and the suffix *-lós. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic -лъ (-lŭ), used in the formation of the periphrastic Slavic perfect, e.g. неслъ (neslŭ), билъ (bilŭ, beaten).

Suffix

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-եալ (-eal)

  1. Attached to the aorist stem of the verb to form its participle.
    մնալmnalto remain
    մնաց-mnacʻ-[the aorist stem]
    մնացեալmnacʻealleft, remaining
  2. Forming adjectives.

Usage notes

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Old Armenian had one true participle, the “past” one. See the notes at -ող (-oł).

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: -յալ (-yal)

References

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  • Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 392
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1998) “-եալ”, in Hin hayereni verǰacancʻneri cagumə [The Origin of Old Armenian Suffixes] (Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Anania Širakacʻi, pages 5–48