𑀣𑁂𑀭

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• thera (Latin script)
• थेर (Devanagari script)
• থের (Bengali script)
• ථෙර (Sinhalese script)
• ထေရ (Burmese script)
• เถร or เถระ (Thai script)
• ᨳᩮᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ເຖຣ or ເຖຣະ (Lao script)
• ថេរ (Khmer script)
• 𑄗𑄬𑄢 (Chakma script)

Adjective

𑀣𑁂𑀭

1. Brahmi script form of thera (“elder”)

Declension

Declension table of "𑀣𑁂𑀭" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁄 (thero)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Accusative (second)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)
Instrumental (third)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀦 (therena)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀪𑀺 (therebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀬 (therāya) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (theratthaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀁 (therānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (therasmā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (theramhā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀪𑀺 (therebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀁 (therānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (therasmiṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (theramhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (theresu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)

Declension table of "𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻 (therī)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑁄 (theriyo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻 (therī)
Accusative (second)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀁 (theriṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀁 (theriyaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑁄 (theriyo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻 (therī)
Instrumental (third)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (theriyā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀳𑀺 (therīhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀪𑀺 (therībhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (theriyā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀦𑀁 (therīnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (theriyā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀳𑀺 (therīhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀪𑀺 (therībhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (theriyā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀦𑀁 (therīnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (theriyā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀁 (theriyaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻𑀲𑀼 (therīsu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺 (theri)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀬𑁄 (theriyo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀻 (therī)

Declension table of "𑀣𑁂𑀭" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀺 (therāni)
Accusative (second)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀺 (therāni)
Instrumental (third)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀦 (therena)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀪𑀺 (therebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀬 (therāya) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (theratthaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀁 (therānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (therasmā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (theramhā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀪𑀺 (therebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀁 (therānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (therasmiṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (theramhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (theresu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀺 (therāni)

Noun

𑀣𑁂𑀭 m

1. Brahmi script form of thera (“elder”)

Declension

Declension table of "𑀣𑁂𑀭" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁄 (thero)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Accusative (second)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)
Instrumental (third)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀦 (therena)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀪𑀺 (therebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀬 (therāya) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (theratthaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀁 (therānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (therasmā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (theramhā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀪𑀺 (therebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀦𑀁 (therānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (therasmiṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (theramhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (theresu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)

Prakrit

Alternative forms

• 𑀞𑁂𑀭 (ṭhera), 𑀞𑀯𑀺𑀭 (ṭhavira), 𑀣𑀯𑀺𑀭 (thavira)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit स्थविर (sthávira). Cognate with Pali thera, Gandhari 𐨠𐨅𐨪 (thera), Niya Prakrit 𐨚𐨅𐨪 (ṭera).

Adjective

𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera) (Devanagari थेर)

1. old, aged

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀣𑁂𑀭 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁄 (thero)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Accusative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Instrumental	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡 (thereṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (thereṇaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (therehiṃ)
Dative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (therāa)	—
Ablative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (therāhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (therāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (therāṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (therāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (therammi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (theresu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (theresuṃ)
Vocative	𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Accusative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Instrumental	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀏 (therāe) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (therāi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (therāa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (therāhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (therāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (therāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀏 (therāe) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (therāi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (therāa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (therāṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (therāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀏 (therāe) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (therāi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (therāa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (therāsu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (therāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀣𑁂𑀭 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (therāiṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (therāi)
Accusative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (therāiṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (therāi)
Instrumental	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡 (thereṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (thereṇaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (therehiṃ)
Dative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (therāa)	—
Ablative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (therāhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (therāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (therāṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (therāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (therammi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (theresu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (theresuṃ)
Vocative	𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (therāiṃ) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀇 (therāi)

Noun

𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera) m (Devanagari थेर)

1. (Jainism) a Jain ascetic or elder

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀣𑁂𑀭 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁄 (thero)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Accusative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀁 (theraṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)
Instrumental	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡 (thereṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (thereṇaṃ)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (therehi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (therehiṃ)
Dative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀅 (therāa)	—
Ablative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀑 (therāo) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀉 (therāu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (therāhi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (therāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (therassa)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡 (therāṇa) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (therāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (therammi) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂 (there)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (theresu) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (theresuṃ)
Vocative	𑀣𑁂𑀭 (thera) or 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)	𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀸 (therā)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sthavira”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 793
• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “थेर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 450.