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𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭

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Prakrit

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀊𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀭 (nirbhara).

Adjective

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𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) (Devanagari à€£à€¿à€¬à¥à€­à€°, Kannada ಣಿಬ್ಭರ) (MāhārāṣṭrÄ«)

  1. full, full of
    • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā SattasaÄ« 128:
      𑀫𑀳𑀌-𑀫𑀞𑀲-𑀫𑀞𑀭𑀌𑀆𑀳𑀅-𑀫𑀳𑀌𑀅𑀭-𑀛𑀁𑀓𑀞𑀭-𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑁇
      𑀕𑀞𑀈 𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳-𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀞𑀯𑀀𑁆𑀥-𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅-𑀫𑀡-𑀫𑁄𑀳𑀡𑀁 𑀕𑁄𑀯𑀻𑁈
      mahu-māsa-māruāhaa-mahuara-jhaṃkāra-ṇibbhare raṇṇe.
      gāī viraha-akkharāvaddha-pahia-maṇa-mohaṇaṃ govī.
      • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
        The spring wind stirs the forest, loud with the drone of bees,
        And the cowgirl’s song about parted lovers troubles the lonely traveler.
    • c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto X, line 17:
      𑀅𑀯𑀭-𑀀𑀺𑀲𑀞-𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀀𑀻𑀳-𑀫𑀊𑀳-𑀯𑀺𑀲𑀫-𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀳𑀞-𑀲𑀁𑀖𑀞𑀑𑁇
      𑀭𑀅-𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑀀𑀻𑀲𑀇 𑀓𑀞𑀮-𑀫𑀌𑀳-𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀀𑀺𑀅𑀲-𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀡 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁄𑁈
      avara-disā-vitthiṇo dīha-maūha-visama-ppahā-saṃghāo.
      raa-ṇibbharo-vva dÄ«saï kāla-muha-kkhitta-diasa-kaឍឍhaṇa maggo.
      • 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique
        The massive lustre [of the setting sun], uneven with lengthening rays, and spreading in the west,
        seemed to be the dusty trail of the day while it was snatched away by the jaws of Death.
    • c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti I. Bambhadatta page 16 lines 16-18:
      𑀢𑀑 𑀧𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 𑀊𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀞-𑀭𑀲𑁂 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀁𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀌 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀺𑀳-𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀞𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀢𑀭𑀌𑀡-𑀊𑀭-𑀊𑀞𑀭𑀻-𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀌
      𑀅𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀬𑀁-𑀘𑁂𑀯 𑀫𑀬-𑀧𑀭𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀲𑁄 𑀕𑀞𑀮𑀺𑀬-𑀫𑀺𑀁𑀞𑁄 𑀊𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀓𑀌𑀲𑁄 𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀭𑀺𑀑 𑀭𑀞𑀬-𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀻
      tao payatte nibbhare kīlā-rase kīlaṃtesu viviha-kīlāhiṃ taruṇa-nara-nārī-satthesu
      atakkiyaṃ-ceva maya-paravvaso gāliya-miṃṭho niraṃkuso viyario rāya-hatthī
      • 1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer
        When thereupon the pleasure of sports was at its height and the companies of young men and women were amusing themselves with various pastimes, unexpectedly a royal elephant that was beside himself with rut and had thrown off his driver and [so] was not curbed by the hook, strayed thither.

Declension

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Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄 (ṇibbharo) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā)
Accusative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā)
Instrumental 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡 (ṇibbhareṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbhareṇaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇibbharehiṃ)
Dative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀅 (ṇibbharāa) —
Ablative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇibbharāhiṃto) —
Genitive 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇibbharassa) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀡 (ṇibbharāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbharāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇibbharammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀌 (ṇibbharesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀌𑀁 (ṇibbharesuṃ)
Vocative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā)
Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā)
Accusative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā)
Instrumental 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀏 (ṇibbharāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇 (ṇibbharāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀅 (ṇibbharāa) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇibbharāhiṃ)
Dative — —
Ablative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇibbharāhiṃto)
Genitive 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀏 (ṇibbharāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇 (ṇibbharāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀅 (ṇibbharāa) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀡 (ṇibbharāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbharāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀏 (ṇibbharāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇 (ṇibbharāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀅 (ṇibbharāa) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀲𑀌 (ṇibbharāsu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀲𑀌𑀁 (ṇibbharāsuṃ)
Vocative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā)
Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇𑀁 (ṇibbharāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇 (ṇibbharāi)
Accusative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇𑀁 (ṇibbharāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇 (ṇibbharāi)
Instrumental 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡 (ṇibbhareṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbhareṇaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇibbharehiṃ)
Dative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀅 (ṇibbharāa) —
Ablative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇibbharāhiṃto) —
Genitive 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇibbharassa) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀡 (ṇibbharāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbharāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇibbharammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀌 (ṇibbharesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀌𑀁 (ṇibbharesuṃ)
Vocative 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞 (ṇibbharā) 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇𑀁 (ṇibbharāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀞𑀇 (ṇibbharāi)

Derived terms

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  • *𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭-𑀟 (*ṇibbhara-ឍa)

Descendants

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References

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  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) â€œà€£à€¿à€¬à¥à€­à€°â€, in à€ªà€Ÿà€‡à€…-à€žà€Šà¥à€Š-à€®à€¹à€£à¥à€£à€µà¥‹ [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 402.
  • Otto von Böhtlingk (1877) â€œà€£à€¿à€¬à¥à€­à€°â€, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter “Prakrit-Index”) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., →OCLC, page 334 of 372
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 202, 411
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 107.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṇibbhara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417