निर्भर

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Classical Sanskrit निर्भर (nirbhara).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /nɪɾ.bʱəɾ/, [nɪɾ.bʱɐɾ]

Adjective

निर्भर • (nirbhar) (indeclinable)

1. dependent, reliant

   Synonyms: आश्रित (āśrit), अवलंबित (avlambit)

   Antonyms: स्वतंत्र (svatantra), अनिर्भर (anirbhar)

   • 1996, Nand Kishore Naval, कविता की मुक्ति [kavitā kī mukti], Vani Prakashan, page 40:

     प्रकृति मनुष्य पर निर्भर नहीं है, बल्कि मनुष्य ही प्रकृति पर निर्भर है।

     prakŕti manuṣya par nirbhar nahī̃ hai, balki manuṣya hī prakŕti par nirbhar hai.

     Nature is not dependent on human; rather, human is dependent on nature.

Derived terms

• अनिर्भर (anirbhar)
• आत्मनिर्भर (ātmanirbhar)
• निर्भरता (nirbhartā)
• परनिर्भर (parnirbhar)
• स्वनिर्भर (svanirbhar)

Further reading

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “निर्भर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 354.

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 4 April 2022

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• নিৰ্ভৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬦᬶᬃᬪᬭ (Balinese script)
• নির্ভর (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰥𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• နိရ်္ဘရ (Burmese script)
• નિર્ભર (Gujarati script)
• ਨਿਰ੍ਭਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌭𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦤꦶꦂꦨꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂦𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ನಿರ್ಭರ (Kannada script)
• និភ៌រ (Khmer script)
• ນິຣ຺ຠຣ (Lao script)
• നിര്ഭര (Malayalam script)
• ᠨᡳᡵᢨᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠢᠷᠪᠾᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧅𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐨𑐬 (Newa script)
• ନିର୍ଭର (Odia script)
• ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢩꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆨𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖥𑖨 (Siddham script)
• නිර්‍භර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩳𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚡𑚤 (Takri script)
• நிர்ப⁴ர (Tamil script)
• నిర్భర (Telugu script)
• นิรฺภร (Thai script)
• ནི་རྦྷ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨡𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From निस्- (nis-, negating prefix) +‎ भर (bhara, “measure; weight, burden”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /n̪iɾ.bʱɐ.ɾɐ/

Adjective

निर्भर • (nirbhara) stem (Classical Sanskrit)

1. full of, abounding in
   • c. 1000, Somadeva, Kathāsaritsāgara 1.8.38:

     सा च चित्ररसनिर्भरा कथा विस्मृतामरकथा कुतूहलात् ।
     तद्विधाय नगरे निरन्तरां ख्यातिमत्र भुवनत्रये गता ॥

     sā ca citrarasanirbharā kathā vismṛtāmarakathā kutūhalāt.
     tadvidhāya nagare nirantarāṃ khyātimatra bhuvanatraye gatā.

     Now that tale was so full of various interest that men were so taken with it as to forget the tales of the gods, and after producing that effect in the city it attained uninterrupted renown in the three worlds.

2. sound; deep
   • 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
3. violent; vehement
4. (New Sanskrit) dependent, reliant

   Synonyms: आश्रित (āśrita), अवलम्बित (avalambita), अनुयू (anuyū)

   • 2019, नई दीप मणिका (ICSE)-3, Delhi: New Saraswati House, →ISBN, page 59:

     किं त्वं कार्याणि कर्तुम् अन्तर्जाले एव निर्भरः असि?

     kiṃ tvaṃ kāryāṇi kartum antarjāle eva nirbharaḥ asi?

     For doing work, are you dependent on the Internet only?

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of निर्भर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्भरः (nirbharaḥ)	निर्भरौ (nirbharau)	निर्भराः (nirbharāḥ)
vocative	निर्भर (nirbhara)	निर्भरौ (nirbharau)	निर्भराः (nirbharāḥ)
accusative	निर्भरम् (nirbharam)	निर्भरौ (nirbharau)	निर्भरान् (nirbharān)
instrumental	निर्भरेण (nirbhareṇa)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भरैः (nirbharaiḥ)
dative	निर्भराय (nirbharāya)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भरेभ्यः (nirbharebhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्भरात् (nirbharāt)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भरेभ्यः (nirbharebhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्भरस्य (nirbharasya)	निर्भरयोः (nirbharayoḥ)	निर्भराणाम् (nirbharāṇām)
locative	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भरयोः (nirbharayoḥ)	निर्भरेषु (nirbhareṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of निर्भरा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्भरा (nirbharā)	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भराः (nirbharāḥ)
vocative	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भराः (nirbharāḥ)
accusative	निर्भराम् (nirbharām)	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भराः (nirbharāḥ)
instrumental	निर्भरया (nirbharayā)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भराभिः (nirbharābhiḥ)
dative	निर्भरायै (nirbharāyai)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भराभ्यः (nirbharābhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्भरायाः (nirbharāyāḥ)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भराभ्यः (nirbharābhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्भरायाः (nirbharāyāḥ)	निर्भरयोः (nirbharayoḥ)	निर्भराणाम् (nirbharāṇām)
locative	निर्भरायाम् (nirbharāyām)	निर्भरयोः (nirbharayoḥ)	निर्भरासु (nirbharāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्भर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्भरम् (nirbharam)	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भराणि (nirbharāṇi)
vocative	निर्भर (nirbhara)	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भराणि (nirbharāṇi)
accusative	निर्भरम् (nirbharam)	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भराणि (nirbharāṇi)
instrumental	निर्भरेण (nirbhareṇa)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भरैः (nirbharaiḥ)
dative	निर्भराय (nirbharāya)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भरेभ्यः (nirbharebhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्भरात् (nirbharāt)	निर्भराभ्याम् (nirbharābhyām)	निर्भरेभ्यः (nirbharebhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्भरस्य (nirbharasya)	निर्भरयोः (nirbharayoḥ)	निर्भराणाम् (nirbharāṇām)
locative	निर्भरे (nirbhare)	निर्भरयोः (nirbharayoḥ)	निर्भरेषु (nirbhareṣu)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara)
  • Ahirani: निब्बर (nibbar)
  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: निबर (nibara)

    Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībara)

    • Marathi:

      Devanagari script: निबर (nibar)

      Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībar)

    • Varhadi:

      Devanagari script: निबर (nibar)

      Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībar)

    • → Old Kannada: ನಿಬ್ಬರ (nibbara)
• → Hindi: निर्भर (nirbhar)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “निर्भर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 541.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “nirbhara”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nirbhara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417