𑀘𑁂𑀯

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

From Sanskrit चैव (caiva), from च (ca) +‎ एव (evá). By surface analysis, 𑀘 (ca) +‎ 𑀏𑀯 (eva).

Particle

𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)

1. and indeed

Alternative forms

Attested at Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Girnar, Jaugada, Kalsi and Lauriya-Araraj.

Dialectal forms of 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (“and indeed”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀘𑁂𑀯𑀸 (cevā), 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀘𑁂𑀯𑀸 (cevā), 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)
	Lauriya-Araraj	𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)
East	Dhauli	𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)
	Jaugada	𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨕𐨅𐨬 (ceva)
	Mansehra	𐨕𐨅𐨬 (ceva)
West	Girnar	𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (“and indeed”)
𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva) (6) 𑀘𑁂𑀯𑀸 (cevā) (2) 𐨕𐨅𐨬 (ceva) (2)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀺𑀅 (cia), 𑀘𑁂𑀅 (cea) — Śaurasenī, 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva) — Ardhamāgadhī, 𑀘𑀺𑀬 (ciya), 𑀘𑁂𑀬 (ceya), 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī (see there for further descendants)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “caiva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press