𑀓𑀸𑀠

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et-

Sanskrit क्वथ् (kvath)

Sanskrit क्वाथ (kvātha)

Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀠 (kāḍha)

Inherited from Sanskrit क्वाथ (kvāthá), with spontaneous retroflexion.^[1]

Noun

𑀓𑀸𑀠 (kāḍha) m (Devanagari काढ, Kannada ಕಾಢ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī) ^[2]

decoction of medicinal herbs

Declension

Magadhi declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀠 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂 (kāḍhe)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀁 (kāḍhaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂 (kāḍhe)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀡 (kāḍheṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāḍheṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāḍhehiṃ)
Dative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀅 (kāḍhāa)	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kāḍhādo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kāḍhatto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāḍhāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kāḍhādu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāḍhaśuṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāḍheśuṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāḍhāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀑 (kāḍhāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀉 (kāḍhāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kāḍhatto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kāḍhādo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kāḍhādu)
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀰𑁆𑀰 (kāḍhaśśa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳 (kāḍhāha)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāḍhāṇaṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀁 (kāḍhāhaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂 (kāḍhe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhamhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāḍhammi)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀰𑀼 (kāḍheśu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (kāḍheśuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀠 (kāḍha) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂 (kāḍhe)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀠 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁄 (kāḍho)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀁 (kāḍhaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂 (kāḍhe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀡 (kāḍheṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāḍheṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāḍhehiṃ)
Dative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀅 (kāḍhāa)	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀑 (kāḍhāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀉 (kāḍhāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāḍhāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāḍhāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāḍhassa)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀡 (kāḍhāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāḍhāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāḍhammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂 (kāḍhe)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāḍhesu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāḍhesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀠 (kāḍha) or 𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)	𑀓𑀸𑀠𑀸 (kāḍhā)

Related terms

𑀓𑀠𑀇 (kaḍhaï, “to decoct, boil”)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: काढ़ा (kāṛhā)
  
  Urdu: کاڑھا (kāṛhā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Maithili:
  - Devanagari script: काढ़ा (kāṛhā)
  Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒜𑓃𑒰 (kāṛhā)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਕਾੜ੍ਹਾ (kāṛhā)
  
  Shahmukhi script: کاڑھا (kāṛhā)
- Sindhi:
  Arabic script: ڪاڙهو (kāṛho)
  
  Devanagari script: काढ़ो (kāṛho)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: काढा (kāḍhā)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: કાઢો (kāḍho)
- Marwari: काढौ (kāḍhau)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kvāthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “काढ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kvāthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188

[2] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “काढ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

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