𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫
Appearance
See also: 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Noun
[edit]𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 n
- Brahmi script form of kamma (“action”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫" (neuter)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kammāni) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) |
Accusative (second) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kammāni) |
Instrumental (third) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀦 (kammena) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀸 (kammunā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀦𑀸 (kammanā) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kammehi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀪𑀺 (kammebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kammassa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀬 (kammāya) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (kammatthaṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀼𑀦𑁄 (kammuno) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀁 (kammānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammasmā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (kammamhā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀸 (kammunā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀦𑀸 (kammanā) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kammehi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀪𑀺 (kammebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kammassa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀼𑀦𑁄 (kammuno) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀁 (kammānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (kammasmiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kammamhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (kamme) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kammesu) |
Vocative (calling) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kammāni) |
Prakrit
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀁𑀫 (kaṃma)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀁𑀫 (kaṃma) (Kalsi, Dhauli, Jaugada), from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (kárman). Cognate with Pali kamma.
Noun
[edit]𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma) n (Devanagari कम्म, Gujarati કમ્મ, Kannada ಕಮ್ಮ) (Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī)
- work, labour
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 14:
- 𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀅 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀲-𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫-𑀮𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑀲𑀺𑀫𑀇𑀮𑀺𑀏𑀡 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑁇
𑀙𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 𑀫𑀼𑀳𑀁 𑀳𑀲𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀸𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 𑀕𑀅𑀁 𑀧𑀇𑀡𑀸𑁈- ghariṇīa mahāṇasa-kamma-laggamasimaïlieṇa hattheṇa.
chittaṃ muhaṃ hasijjaï caṃdāvatthaṃ gaaṃ païṇā.
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- The husband laughed at his wife’s face, which, smudged with soot
that stuck to her hand from kitchen work, looked more than ever like the moon.
- The husband laughed at his wife’s face, which, smudged with soot
- ghariṇīa mahāṇasa-kamma-laggamasimaïlieṇa hattheṇa.
- 𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀅 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀲-𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫-𑀮𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑀲𑀺𑀫𑀇𑀮𑀺𑀏𑀡 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑁇
- act, action, deed
- c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 1212:
- […] 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑁂 𑀫𑀬𑀡-𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀧𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸
𑀢𑀸 𑀅-𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀫𑀸 𑀫𑀏𑀲𑀼 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 𑀅𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁𑀫𑀺- […] mayaṇe mayaṇa-ujjuttā vajjā ajjāvi saṃpayaṃ vajjā
tā a-maṇassa kammassa mā maesu tumaṃ akhuṭṭaṃmi
- 1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
- […] Madanā, absorbed by passion, Vajrā is now to be avoided;
so therefore do not die at an unfitting time because of an insensate act’.
- […] Madanā, absorbed by passion, Vajrā is now to be avoided;
- […] mayaṇe mayaṇa-ujjuttā vajjā ajjāvi saṃpayaṃ vajjā
- […] 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑁂 𑀫𑀬𑀡-𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀧𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸
Declension
[edit]Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (neuter) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (kammāi) |
Accusative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (kammāi) |
Instrumental | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (kammeṇa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kammeṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kammehi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kammehiṃ) |
Dative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (kammāa) | — |
Ablative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (kammāo) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (kammāu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kammāhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammāhiṃto) | — |
Genitive | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kammassa) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (kammāṇa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kammāṇaṃ) |
Locative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kammammi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (kamme) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kammesu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kammesuṃ) |
Vocative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (kammāi) |
Magadhi declension of 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (neuter) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) |
Accusative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) |
Instrumental | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (kammeṇa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kammeṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kammehi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kammehiṃ) |
Dative | — | — |
Ablative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kammādo) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kammatto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kammādu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kammāhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammaśuṃto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kammāhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kammatto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kammādo) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kammādu) |
Genitive | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀰 (kammaśśa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳 (kammāha) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kammāṇaṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀁 (kammāhaṃ) |
Locative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (kamme) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kammamhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kammammi) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀰𑀼 (kammeśu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (kammeśuṃ) |
Vocative | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) | 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) |
Descendants
[edit]Descendants
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Bengali-Assamese:
- Bihari:
- Odia: କାମ (kāma)
- Northern:
- Northwestern:
- Southern:
- Insular:
- Marathi-Konkani:
- Western:
References
[edit]- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “कम्म”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 225.
- E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 135
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 288
- The template Template:R:pra:Woolner does not use the parameter(s):
4=179
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 104, 152, 166. - Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 147
Categories:
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Brahmi script
- Pali neuter nouns
- Prakrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Prakrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *kar-
- Prakrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Prakrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-
- Prakrit terms derived from Sanskrit
- Prakrit terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृ
- Prakrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Prakrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Prakrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Prakrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Prakrit terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit
- Prakrit terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit
- Prakrit terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Prakrit lemmas
- Prakrit nouns
- Prakrit nouns in Brahmi script
- Prakrit neuter nouns
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit
- Jain Maharastri
- Jain Sauraseni
- Magadhi Prakrit
- Maharastri Prakrit
- Prakrit terms with quotations