𐾀𐽰𐽿

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐾀𐽰𐽻 (tʾs /⁠tas⁠/)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *taĺ (“outer side, exterior”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš /⁠t¹š⁠/), Turkish dış.

Adjective

𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš /taš/)

1. exterior, out
2. foreign
3. (religion) heterodoxical

   𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽾

   Taš bitig nomlug er.

   A man versed in non-Buddhistic doctrine.

Derived terms

• 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽰 (taša, “abundant, excrescent”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽺𐽷 (tašaŋ, “wide, open”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tašgaru, “out, outside”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (tašmak, “to overflow, to ebb and flow of coastal waters”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽾𐽰 (tašra, “outside”)

Descendants

• ⇒ Western Yugur: dasɢər (daʰsgïr(ï), “out, outside, foreign”)

Adverb

𐾀𐽰𐽿 (taš)

1. excluding, not including
2. (rare) wrongly, falsely

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”). Cognate with Chuvash чул (čul), Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš), Turkish taş and Yakut таас (taas).

Noun

𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš)

1. stone
   • Late 10th century, (Xuanzang Biography, Book 3‎^[1], HTIII: 0125 (22):

     𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲

     ...birer taš sïrug...

     ...stone column[s] one [by one]...

   • (Can we date this quote?), Berlin Text U 5335‎^[2], BT13.18.02.04–05:

     𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽶𐽲𐽾𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽲 𐾀𐽶𐽲𐽾𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐾀𐽶𐽿𐾅 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽰𐽾 𐾈

     Tuprak tïgrayu taš tugsar, tïnl(ï)g tïgrayu tiš tugar.

     When the earth solidifies, a stone is formed; when a living being solidifies, a tooth is formed.

Declension

Declension of 𐾀𐽰𐽿

	Singular	Definite plural
Nominative	𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (tʾšlʾr)
Genitive	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tʾšnynk)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tʾšlʾrnynk)
Dative	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽷𐽰 (tʾškʾ)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (tʾšlʾrkʾ)
Accusative	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (tʾšyq), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (tʾšny)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (tʾšlʾryq), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (tʾšlʾrny)
Locative	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (tʾštʾ)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (tʾšlʾrtʾ)
Ablative	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tʾštyn)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tʾšlʾrtyn)
Instrumental	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (tʾšyn)	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tʾšlʾryn)
Equative	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (tʾščʾ)
Directive	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tʾškʾrw)
Similative	𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (tʾšlʾyw)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: das (daʰs, “stone, pebble”)

Compound terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (ak taš, “chalk”)
• 𐽼𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (pi taš, “inscription steles”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (taš evligler, “dead people (euphemistic, (lit. 'ones with houses made of stone'))”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽻𐽶 (taš ḫuasï, “a medicinal plant”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (Taš Kurgan, “a toponym (lit. 'Stone-grave')”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽻𐽳𐽷𐽲𐽳 (taš sokgu, “stone mortar”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (taš sïruk, “stone pillar”)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “taş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 227
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) taš”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 680-681