𐽶𐽰𐽲

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾄 (yʾq̈ /⁠yaḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽷 (yʾk /⁠yag, yeg⁠/)
• 𐰖𐰍 (y¹ǧ /⁠yaġ⁠/)
• 𑀬𑀸𑀕𑁆 (yāg /⁠yāġ⁠/), 𑀬𑀸𑀕𑀺 (yāgi /⁠yaġï⁠/) (in positive possessive case)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāg (“fat, oil, lard”).

Perhaps related to 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yʾqmʾk /⁠yakmak⁠/, “to burn, to stick or cling to”), from *yak-.

Noun

𐽶𐽰𐽲 (yʾq /yaġ/)

1. (cooking) oil, fat, butter, ghee

   Synonyms: 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲 (qʾyʾq /⁠kayak⁠/), 𐽹𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽷 (mwyncyk /⁠münčik⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽼𐽳 (ʾwpw /⁠opo⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶 (yʾqry /⁠yakrï⁠/)

   • c. 10th century, 1687, Šéŋko Šeli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Altun Yaruḳ, 9th Chapter: 596.1-2‎^[1]:

     𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽲 𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐾀 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽹𐽶𐽾 𐾁𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽺𐽶𐾀 𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷𐽳 𐾈

     ʾynkyk yʾq y swyt pyrlʾ myr ly pʾnyt ly ʾykykw

     / […] ingék yaġï süt birle, mïrlï panïtlï ikegü./

     […] with butter and the milk of a cow, [coupled with] both honey and molasses.

2. (medicine) cream, ointment

   Synonym: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽷𐽳 (twyrtkw /⁠türtgü⁠/)

Declension

Declension of 𐽶𐽰𐽲

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽶𐽰𐽲 (yʾq)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (yʾqlʾr)
genitive	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (yʾqnynk)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (yʾqlʾrnynk)
dative	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽷𐽰 (yʾqkʾ)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (yʾqlʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (yʾqyq) 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (yʾqny)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (yʾqlʾryq) 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (yʾqlʾrny)
locative	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (yʾqtʾ)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (yʾqlʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (yʾqtyn)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (yʾqlʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (yʾqyn)	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (yʾqlʾryn)
equative	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (yʾqcʾ)
directive	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (yʾqkʾrw)
similative	𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (yʾqlʾyw)

Compound terms

• 𐽶𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶 (yʾq yʾqry /⁠yag yakrï⁠/, “fat, lard”)

Derived terms

• 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yʾqʾmʾk /⁠yagamak⁠/, “to sacrifice, to libate”)
• 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽿 (yʾqyš /⁠yagïš⁠/, “libation, incense”)
• 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽶 (yʾqcy /⁠yagčï⁠/, “oil seller”)
• 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰 (yʾqcyrqʾ /⁠yagčïrga⁠/, “shiny with oil”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: jaɣ (“cooking oil”)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yaġ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 279
• Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “JAΓ (1)”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 223
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “yag”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 852