𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐽰𐽳𐾀 (ʾwt /⁠ot, ut⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽸 (ʾwd /⁠oṭ, od⁠/)
• 𐫀𐫇𐫇𐫔 (ʾwwδ /⁠ōt⁠/)
• 𐼰𐼴𐽂 (ʾwt /⁠ot⁠/) (?)
• اوت (ʾwt /⁠ot⁠/), اوط (ʾwṭ /⁠oṭ⁠/), اوض (ʾwḍ /⁠oḍ⁠/)
• 𑀑‌𑀢𑀼𑀕𑁆 (o‌tug‌ /⁠otug⁠/) (in accusative case), 𑀑‌𑀢𑁆𑀮𑀺 (o‌tli‌ /⁠otlï⁠/) (in positive adjectival case)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐱃 (ut¹ /⁠ot⁠/), Khalaj هووت (hûot), Yakut уот (uot) and Tatar ут (ut).

Reduplication of wāw implies a long vowel (hence the reading ōt,) which is lost in late attestations, which make this term homographic with 𐽰𐽳𐾀 (ʾwt /⁠ot⁠/, “grass, herb, medicine”). 𐽰𐽳𐾀 (ʾwt /⁠ot⁠/, “grass, herb, medicine”) was also attested, quite early with two wāw, perhaps to distinguish both forms from the front-voweled variant 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀 (ʾwyt /⁠öt, üt⁠/, “counsel, admonition; commandment; cavern, pores (on face)”).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 (ʾwwt /ot, ōt/)

1. fire

   Synonym: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽷 (ʾwyrtʾnk /⁠örteŋ⁠/) (specifically, hellfire)

   𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽾 𐽲𐾄𐾁𐾀𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀
   𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐾂𐽳 𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐾀𐽰𐽷 𐾈 ([1])

   ʾʾntʾq pwlwr q̈lty ʾwwt
   ʾycyntʾ lynq̇w ʾ ʾwynmyš tʾk

   /Antaġ bolur ḳaltï oot
   ičinte linḫu-a ünmiš-teg./

   Become like the fire that comes out of the lotus flower.

2. flame

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (ʾwyrt /⁠ört⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (yʾlyn /⁠yalïn⁠/)

3. (anatomy, medicine) fever, abnormally high body temperature

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 (ʾwwt)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwwtlʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwwtnwnk)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwwtlʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽷𐽰 (ʾwwtkʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwwtlʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲 (ʾwwtwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽶 (ʾwwtny)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwwtlʾryq) 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwwtlʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽰 (ʾwwttʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwwtlʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwwttyn)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwwtlʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺 (ʾwwtwn)	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwwtlʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽽𐽰 (ʾwwtcʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwwtkʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwwtlʾyw)

Compound terms

• 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (ʾwwt yʾlyn /⁠oot yalïn⁠/, “fiery flame”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (ʾwwt ywltwz /⁠oot yultuz⁠/, “Mars”) (Calque of 火星 (huǒxīng).)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (ʾwwt yyyl /⁠oot yiél⁠/, “fire-swept gushes of wind, fire-wind”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽼𐽳𐾀 (ʾwwt mqʾpwt /⁠oot mahabud⁠/, “fire element”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 (ʾwwt tnkrysy /⁠oot teŋrisi⁠/, “god of fire”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐾀 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ʾwt ʾwynklwq /⁠ot öŋlüg⁠/, “a searing red color”)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽰𐽲 (ʾwtʾq /⁠otag⁠/, “small room or building”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwtwnk /⁠otuŋ⁠/, “wood, firewood”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽽𐽳𐽲 (ʾwtcwq /⁠otčug⁠/, “hearth”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: ot (oʰt)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ot”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 144
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “o:t (o:d)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
• Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “OT I”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, pages 372-373
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) oot”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 511