𐰚𐰀

Old Turkic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ke. Cognate with Chuvash -на (-na), Khalaj -kə, Turkish -e, Uzbek -ga, Kazakh -га (-ga), Yakut -га (-ga).

Suffix

𐰚𐰀 (-ke)

1. Forms dative-locative case

   Synonym: 𐰓𐰀 (de)

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰚𐰀 (ka) → ‎𐱃𐰴𐰀 (atqa, “to/at the horse”)

Usage notes

1. After first and second person possesive suffixes, it takes the form 𐰀- (-e, -a).

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰀 (a) → ‎𐱃𐰢𐰀 (atïma, “to/at my horse”)

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰀 (a) → ‎𐱃𐰭𐰀 (atïŋa, “to/at your horse”)

2. After third pperson possesive suffixes, it takes the form 𐰭𐰀- (-ŋe, -ŋa).

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰭𐰀 (ŋa) → ‎𐱃𐰭𐰀 (atïŋa, “to/at his/her/its horse”)

Alternative forms

• 𐰴𐰀- (-qa)
• 𐰭𐰀- (-ŋe, -ŋa)
• 𐰀- (-e, -a)

Related terms

• 𐰏 (-g, “accusative case”)
• 𐰤𐰭 (-niŋ, “genitive case”)
• 𐰓𐰀 (-de, “locative-ablative case”)
• 𐰓𐰤 (-din, “ablative case”)
• 𐰲𐰀 (-če, “equative case”)
• 𐰤 (-in, “instrumental case”)
• 𐰠𐰏𐰇 (-ligü, “comitative case”)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 130