𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰- (faura-) +‎ 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan), a calque of Ancient Greek προηγέομαι (proēgéomai).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɔraˈrahnjan/

Verb

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (faurarahnjan)

1. to outdo
   • Romans 12:10:

     𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹; 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃

     brōþralubōn in izwis missō friaþwamildjai; swēriþai izwis missō faurarahnjandans

     Love one another with brotherly affection; outdo one another in showing honor. (RSV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 faurarahnjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰 faurarahnja	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰 faurarahnida	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 faurarahnjada
2nd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 faurarahneis	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 faurarahnidēs	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 faurarahnjaza
3rd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 faurarahneiþ	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰 faurarahnida	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 faurarahnjada
1st dual	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐍉𐍃 faurarahnjōs	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 faurarahnidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 faurarahnjats	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 faurarahnidēduts	—
1st plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼 faurarahnjam	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 faurarahnidēdum	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurarahnjanda
2nd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 faurarahneiþ	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 faurarahnidēduþ	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurarahnjanda
3rd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 faurarahnjand	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 faurarahnidēdun	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurarahnjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjau	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 faurarahnidēdjau	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjaidau
2nd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 faurarahnjais	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 faurarahnidēdeis	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjaizau
3rd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 faurarahnjai	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 faurarahnidēdi	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjaidau
1st dual	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 faurarahnjaiwa	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 faurarahnidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 faurarahnjaits	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 faurarahnidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 faurarahnjaima	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 faurarahnidēdeima	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjaindau
2nd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 faurarahnjaiþ	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 faurarahnidēdeiþ	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjaindau
3rd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 faurarahnjaina	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 faurarahnidēdeina	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹 faurarahnei
3rd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjadau
2nd dual	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 faurarahnjats
2nd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 faurarahneiþ
3rd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurarahnjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 faurarahnjands	𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍃 faurarahniþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 109