𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þwahaną; cognate with Old English þwēan and Old Norse þvá.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθwahan/

Verb

𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 • (þwahan)

1. (transitive) to wash
   • Matthew 6:17:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌿 𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍉 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌻𐌿𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷

     iþ þu fastands salbō haubiþ þein jah ludja þeina þwah

     But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face (KJV)

   • Mark 7:3:

     𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃, 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌰 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌽𐍃, 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳, 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌷 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴

     iþ fareisaieis jah allai iudaieis, niba ufta þwahand handuns, ni matjand, habandans anafilh þizē sinistanē

     For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders (KJV)

   • John 13:14:

     𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌽𐌿 ⟨𐌹𐌺⟩ 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃.

     jabai nu ⟨ik⟩ usþwōh izwis fōtuns, frauja jah laisareis, jah jus skuluþ izwis missō þwahan fōtuns.

     If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet. (KJV)

   • 1 Timothy 5:10:

     𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌸𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌴𐌼𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌴 𐌲𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹.

     in waurstwam gōdaim weitwōdiþa habandei, jah barna fōdidēdi, jah gastins andnēmi, jah weihaim fōtuns þwōhi, jah aglōns winnandam andbahtidēdi, jah allamma waurstwē gōdaizē afarlaistidēdi.

     Well reported of for good works; if she have brought up children, if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints' feet, if she have relieved the afflicted, if she have diligently followed every good work. (KJV)

2. (intransitive) to wash
   • John 9:7a:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌻 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐍉𐌰𐌼𐌹𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃.

     jah qaþ du imma: gagg þwahan in swumsl silōamis, þatei gaskeirjada insandiþs.

     And said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, which is by interpretation, Sent. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 6 strong
Infinitive	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 þwahan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰 þwaha	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷 þwōh	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌳𐌰 þwahada
2nd singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌹𐍃 þwahis	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐍄 þwōht	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌰 þwahaza
3rd singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌸 þwahiþ	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷 þwōh	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌳𐌰 þwahada
1st dual	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍉𐍃 þwahōs	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌿 þwōhu	—
2nd dual	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍄𐍃 þwahats	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌿𐍄𐍃 þwōhuts	—
1st plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌼 þwaham	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌿𐌼 þwōhum	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 þwahanda
2nd plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌸 þwahiþ	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌿𐌸 þwōhuþ	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 þwahanda
3rd plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳 þwahand	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌿𐌽 þwōhun	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 þwahanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿 þwahau	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌿 þwōhjau	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahaidau
2nd singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍃 þwahais	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 þwōheis	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 þwahaizau
3rd singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹 þwahai	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌹 þwōhi	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahaidau
1st dual	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 þwahaiwa	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 þwōheiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 þwahaits	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 þwōheits	—
1st plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 þwahaima	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 þwōheima	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahaindau
2nd plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸 þwahaiþ	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 þwōheiþ	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahaindau
3rd plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 þwahaina	𐌸𐍅𐍉𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 þwōheina	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷 þwah
3rd singular	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahadau
2nd dual	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍄𐍃 þwahats
2nd plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌸 þwahiþ
3rd plural	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 þwahandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 þwahands	𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃 þwahans

Derived terms

• 𐌰𐍆𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (afþwahan)
• 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (biþwahan)
• 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃 (unþwahans)
• 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (usþwahan)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 152