𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb”), from *drōbuz (“turbid, disturbed, troubled”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdroːbjan/, [ˈdroːβjan]

Verb

𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (drōbjan)

1. (transitive) to trouble, worry, upset
   • Galatians 1:7:

     𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂; 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌻𐌹 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍃

     þatei nist anþar; alja sumai sind þai drōbjandans izwis, jah wiljandans inwandjan aiwaggēli xristaus

     Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ. (KJV)

   • Galatians 5:10b, 12:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌰 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌰 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐍉 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐍃𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹. […] 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃.

     aþþan sa drōbjands izwis sa bairai þō wargiþa, saƕazuh saei sijai. […] wainei jah usmaitaindau þai drōbjandans izwis.

     but he that troubleth you shall bear his judgment, whosoever he be. […] I would they were even cut off which trouble you. (KJV)

2. (intransitive) to cause trouble, incite a riot
   • Mark 15:7:

     𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌾𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽.

     wasuh þan sa haitana barabbas miþ þaim miþ imma drōbjandam gabundans, þaiei in auhjōdau maurþr gatawidēdun.

     And there was one named Barabbas, which lay bound with them that had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the insurrection. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 drobjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰 drobja	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰 drobida	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 drobjada
2nd singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃 drobeis	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 drobidēs	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 drobjaza
3rd singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 drobeiþ	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰 drobida	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 drobjada
1st dual	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐍉𐍃 drobjōs	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 drobidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 drobjats	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 drobidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌼 drobjam	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 drobidēdum	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 drobjanda
2nd plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 drobeiþ	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 drobidēduþ	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 drobjanda
3rd plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 drobjand	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 drobidēdun	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 drobjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌿 drobjau	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 drobidēdjau	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjaidau
2nd singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 drobjais	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 drobidēdeis	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 drobjaizau
3rd singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹 drobjai	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 drobidēdi	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjaidau
1st dual	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 drobjaiwa	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 drobidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 drobjaits	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 drobidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 drobjaima	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 drobidēdeima	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjaindau
2nd plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 drobjaiþ	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 drobidēdeiþ	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjaindau
3rd plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 drobjaina	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 drobidēdeina	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹 drobei
3rd singular	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjadau
2nd dual	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 drobjats
2nd plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 drobeiþ
3rd plural	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 drobjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 drobjands	𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍃 drobiþs

Related terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gadrōbnan)
• 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌽𐌰 (drōbna)
• 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌽 (drōbnan)
• 𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌽 (indrōbnan)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 27