𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + the root of 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (unfaurs, “gossipy, tattling”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈfɔːrs/

Adjective

𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 • (gafaurs)

1. well-behaved, sober
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Timothy 3:2:

     𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻 𐌽𐌿 𐌰𐌹𐍀𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌿𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽, 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌱𐌰, 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐍉𐌳𐍃, 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃;

     skal nu aipiskaupus ungafairinōnds wisan, ainaizōs qēnais aba, andaþahts, gariuds, frōþs, gafaurs, gastigōds, laiseigs;

     A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach; (KJV)

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Timothy 3:11:

     𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐍃, 𐌽𐌹 𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌻𐍉𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃, 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰.

     qinōns samaleikō gariudōs, ni diabulōs, gafaurjōs, triggwōs in allamma.

     Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things. (KJV)

Declension

I-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 gafaurs	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 gafaurs	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂, 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 gafaur, gafaurjata
Accusative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 gafaurjana	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 gafaurja	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂, 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 gafaur, gafaurjata
Genitive	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐍃 gafauris	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 gafaurjaizōs	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐍃 gafauris
Dative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 gafaurjamma	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹 gafaurjai	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 gafaurjamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹 gafaurjai	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃 gafaurjōs	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 gafaurja
Accusative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 gafaurjans	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃 gafaurjōs	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 gafaurja
Genitive	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 gafaurjaizē	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 gafaurjaizō	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 gafaurjaizē
Dative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 gafaurjaim	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 gafaurjaim	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 gafaurjaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 gafaurja	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉 gafaurjō	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉 gafaurjō
Accusative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 gafaurjan	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽 gafaurjōn	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉 gafaurjō
Genitive	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 gafaurjins	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 gafaurjōns	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 gafaurjins
Dative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌹𐌽 gafaurjin	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽 gafaurjōn	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌹𐌽 gafaurjin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 gafaurjans	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 gafaurjōns	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌰 gafaurjōna
Accusative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 gafaurjans	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 gafaurjōns	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌰 gafaurjōna
Genitive	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 gafaurjanē	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍉 gafaurjōnō	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 gafaurjanē
Dative	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌼 gafaurjam	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐌼 gafaurjōm	𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌼 gafaurjam

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 42