𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (skamān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈskamaːn/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 • (gaskamān) (perfective)

1. (hapax, reflexive) to be ashamed
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 2 Thessalonians 3:14:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌿𐍆𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸; 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌺.

     iþ jabai ƕas ni ufhausjai waurda unsaramma þairh þōs bōkōs, þana gatarhjaiþ; ni blandaiþ izwis miþ imma, ei gaskamai sik.

     And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 gaskamān
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 gaskama	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaskamaida	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaskamāda
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaskamais	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gaskamaidēs	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶𐌰 gaskamāza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaskamaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaskamaida	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaskamāda
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍃 gaskamōs	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gaskamaidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaskamāts	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gaskamaidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌼 gaskamām	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gaskamaidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaskamānda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaskamaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gaskamaidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaskamānda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳 gaskamānd	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gaskamaidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaskamānda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌿 gaskamau	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaskamaidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaskamais	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaskamaidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gaskamaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹 gaskamai	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gaskamaidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaskamaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaskamaidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaskamaits	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaskamaidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaskamaima	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaskamaidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaskamaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaskamaidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaskamaina	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaskamaidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹 gaskamai
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamādau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaskamāts
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaskamaiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaskamāndau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gaskamānds	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 gaskamaiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 123