πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

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Etymology

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From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (bōtjan).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈboːtjan/

Verb

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πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gabōtjan)

  1. (hapax) to restore, improve
    • Mark 9:12:
      𐌹𐌸 πŒΉπƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌡𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: πŒ·πŒ΄πŒ»πŒΉπŒ°πƒ πƒπ…πŒ΄πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπŒ· πŒ΅πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πˆπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ° 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌸 πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌱𐌹 πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΏ πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒ, 𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲 π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 π†π‚πŒ°πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπƒ π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉ.
      iΓΎ is andhafjands qaΓΎ du im: hΔ“lias swΔ“ΓΎauh qimands faurΓΎis aftra gabōteiΓΎ alla; jah Ζ•aiwa gamΔ“liΓΎ ist bi sunu mans, ei manag winnai jah frakunΓΎs wairΓΎai.
      And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought. (KJV)

Conjugation

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gabōtjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°
gabōtja 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gabōtida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gabōtjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gabōteis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gabōtidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gabōtjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gabōteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gabōtida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gabōtjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gabōtjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gabōtidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gabōtjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gabōtidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gabōtjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gabōtidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gabōtjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gabōteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gabōtidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gabōtjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gabōtjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gabōtidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gabōtjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gabōtjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gabōtidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gabōtjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gabōtidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gabōtjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gabōtidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gabōtjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gabōtidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gabōtjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gabōtidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gabōtjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gabōtidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gabōtjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gabōtidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒ΄πŒΉ
gabōtei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gabōtjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gabōteiþ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gabōtjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gabōtjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‰π„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gabōtiþs

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 22
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