𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (biugan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈbiu̯ɡan/, [ɡaˈbiu̯ɣan]

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 • (gabiugan) (perfective)

1. (hapax) to bend
   • Mark 5:4

     𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌰 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌱𐌹 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌰𐍆 𐍃𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌼 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽.

     untē is ufta eisarnam bi fōtuns gabuganaim jah naudibandjōm eisarneinaim gabundans was jah galausida af sis þōs naudibandjōs jah þō ana fōtum eisarna gabrak, jah manna ni mahta ina gatamjan.

     Because that he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces: neither could any man tame him. (KJV)

     (literally, “…bound with irons bent around his feet and with chains…”)

Conjugation

Class 2 strong
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 gabiugan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰 gabiuga	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲 gabaug	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰 gabiugada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐍃 gabiugis	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄 gabauht	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌰 gabiugaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌸 gabiugiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲 gabaug	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰 gabiugada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐍉𐍃 gabiugōs	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿 gabugu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍃 gabiugats	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐍄𐍃 gabuguts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼 gabiugam	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌼 gabugum	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabiuganda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌸 gabiugiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌸 gabuguþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabiuganda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳 gabiugand	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽 gabugun	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabiuganda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌿 gabiugau	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌿 gabugjau	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 gabiugais	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐍃 gabugeis	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gabiugaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹 gabiugai	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌹 gabugi	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gabiugaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gabugeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gabiugaits	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gabugeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gabiugaima	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gabugeima	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌸 gabiugaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌸 gabugeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gabiugaina	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gabugeina	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲 gabiug
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍃 gabiugats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌸 gabiugiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabiugandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gabiugands	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 gabugans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 21