𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *brinnaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrin.nan/

Verb

𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 • (brinnan)

1. (hapax) to burn (to be consumed by fire)
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Ambrosianus E) 5.35, (quoted within Skeireins, leaf 6):

     𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌽 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉, 𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐍃.

     jains was lukarn brinnandō jah liuhtjandō, iþ jus wildēduþ swignjan du ƕeilai in liuhada is.

     He was a burning and a shining light: and ye were willing for a season to rejoice in his light. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates the passive of καίω (kaíō, “to burn”), while its near-synonym 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌰𐌽 (tundnan) translates the middle of πυρόω (puróō, “to burn with fire”).

Conjugation

Class 3 strong

infinitive	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 brinnan
indicative	present	past	present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰 brinna	𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽 brann	—
2nd singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃 brinnis	𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄 brant	—
3rd singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 brinniþ	𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽 brann	—
1st dual	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉𐍃 brinnōs	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿 brunnu	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 brinnats	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍄𐍃 brunnuts	—
1st plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼 brinnam	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼 brunnum	—
2nd plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 brinniþ	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 brunnuþ	—
3rd plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 brinnand	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽 brunnun	—
subjunctive	present	past	present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿 brinnau	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 brunnjau	—
2nd singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 brinnais	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 brunneis	—
3rd singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹 brinnai	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 brunni	—
1st dual	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 brinnaiwa	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 brunneiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 brinnaits	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 brunneits	—
1st plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 brinnaima	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 brunneima	—
2nd plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 brinnaiþ	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 brunneiþ	—
3rd plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 brinnaina	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 brunneina	—
imperative
2nd singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽 brinn
3rd singular	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 brinnadau
2nd dual	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 brinnats
2nd plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 brinniþ
3rd plural	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 brinnandau
	present	past
participles	𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 brinnands	𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 brunnans

Derived terms

• 𐌿𐍆𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (ufbrinnan, “to be scorched”)

Related terms

• 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (alabrunsts, “burnt offering”)
• 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉 (brinnō, “fever”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gabrannjan, “to burn up”)
• 𐌹𐌽𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (inbrannjan, “to inflame”)

See also

• 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍃 (hais, “torch”)
• 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹 (hauri, “coal”)
• 𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌽 (lukarn, “lamp, light”)
• 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 (skeima, “lantern”)
• 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌰𐌽 (tundnan, “to be on fire”)
• 𐍆𐍉𐌽 (fōn, “fire”)

Further reading

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “B98. *brinnan”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 80
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 23