𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *biwindaną; cognate with Old English bewindan and Dutch bewinden. By surface analysis, 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈwindan/

Verb

𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 • (biwindan)

1. to wrap
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 27:59:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 𐌹𐍉𐍃𐌴𐍆 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰

     jah nimands þata leik iōsēf biwand ita sabana hrainjamma

     And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth (KJV)

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 15:46:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃.

     jah usbugjands lein jah usnimands ita biwand þamma leina jah galagida ita in hlaiwa, þatei was gadraban us staina, jah atwalwida stain du daura þis hlaiwis.

     And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre. (KJV)

2. (specifically) to swaddle, wrap in swaddling clothes
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 2:7:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍂 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌹𐌽, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌼 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰.

     jah gabar sunu seinana þana frumabaur jah biwand ina jah galagida ina in uzētin, untē ni was im rumis in stada þamma.

     And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. (KJV)

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 2:12:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌳 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌹𐌽.

     jah þata izwis taikns: bigitid barn biwundan jah galagid in uzētin.

     And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 strong
Infinitive	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 biwindan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwinda	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwand	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwindada
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 biwindis	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄 biwanst	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌶𐌰 biwindaza
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 biwindiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwand	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwindada
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 biwindōs	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿 biwundu	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwindats	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 biwunduts	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 biwindam	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼 biwundum	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwindanda
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 biwindiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌸 biwunduþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwindanda
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwindand	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌽 biwundun	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwindanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindau	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 biwundjau	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaidau
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍃 biwindais	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 biwundeis	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 biwindaizau
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 biwindai	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 biwundi	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaidau
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwindaiwa	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwundeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwindaits	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwundeits	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwindaima	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwundeima	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaindau
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 biwindaiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biwundeiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaindau
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwindaina	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwundeina	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳 biwind
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindadau
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwindats
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 biwindiþ
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 biwindands	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 biwundans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 175