𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *abalagjaną. By surface analysis, 𐌰𐍆- (af-) +‎ 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lagjan).

Verb

𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (aflagjan)

1. to lay down, put away
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 10:18b:

     𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐍉, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐍉.

     waldufni haba aflagjan þō, jah waldufni haba aftra niman þō.

     I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again.

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Corinthians 13:11:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃, 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰, 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌸, 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌰; 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌴 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂, 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰.

     iþ þan was niuklahs, swē niuklahs rōdida, swē niuklahs frōþ, swē niuklahs mitōda; biþē warþ wair, barniskeins aflagida.

     When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Ephesians 4:22:

     𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐌱𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐍃𐌼𐌴𐍄𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌹 𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌼 𐌰𐍆𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃.

     ei aflagjaiþ jus bi frumin usmēta þana fairnjan mannan þana riurjan bi lustum afmarzeinais.

     that ye put away, as concerning your former manner of life, the old man, that waxeth corrupt after the lusts of deceit.

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Ephesians 4:25:

     𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌽 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌿𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃.

     in þizei aflagjandans liugn rōdjaiþ sunja ƕarjizuh miþ nēƕundjin seinamma, untē sijum anþar anþaris liþus.

     Wherefore putting away lying, speak every man truth with his neighbour: for we are members one of another.

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Colossians 3:8:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌽𐌿 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰, 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃, 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽; 𐌿𐍃 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰 𐌹̈𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌽𐌹 [𐌽𐌹] ** 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌹.

     iþ nu aflagjiþ jah jus þō alla, hatis, þwairhein, unsēlein, anaqiss, aglaitiwaurdein; us munþa ïzwaramma ni [ni] ** usgaggai.

     but now do ye also put them all away: anger, wrath, malice, railing, shameful speaking out of your mouth.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 aflagjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰 aflagja	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 aflagida	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 aflagjada
2nd singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐍃 aflagjis	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 aflagidēs	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 aflagjaza
3rd singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 aflagjiþ	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 aflagida	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 aflagjada
1st dual	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐍉𐍃 aflagjōs	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 aflagidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 aflagjats	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 aflagidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌼 aflagjam	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 aflagidēdum	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 aflagjanda
2nd plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 aflagjiþ	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 aflagidēduþ	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 aflagjanda
3rd plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 aflagjand	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 aflagidēdun	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 aflagjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌿 aflagjau	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 aflagidēdjau	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjaidau
2nd singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 aflagjais	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 aflagidēdeis	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 aflagjaizau
3rd singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹 aflagjai	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 aflagidēdi	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjaidau
1st dual	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 aflagjaiwa	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 aflagidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 aflagjaits	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 aflagidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 aflagjaima	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 aflagidēdeima	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjaindau
2nd plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 aflagjaiþ	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 aflagidēdeiþ	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjaindau
3rd plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 aflagjaina	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 aflagidēdeina	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹 aflagei
3rd singular	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjadau
2nd dual	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 aflagjats
2nd plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 aflagjiþ
3rd plural	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 aflagjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 aflagjands	𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌸𐍃 aflagiþs

Derived terms

• 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (aflageins, “remission”)