휑하다

Korean

Alternative forms

• 횡하다 (hoenghada) — misspelling in South Korea

Etymology

South Korean Standard Language	휑하다 (hwenghada)
North Korean Standard Language	횡하다 (hoenghada)

From 휑 (hweng, root) +‎ 하다 (-hada, suffix deriving light verbs).

Pronunciation

Ablaut/harmonic pair

Yin-form	휑하다 (hwenghada)
Yang-form	횅하다 (hwaenghada)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸwe̞ŋɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [휑하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	hwenghada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	hwenghada
McCune–Reischauer?	hwenghada
Yale Romanization?	hweynghata

Adjective

휑하다 • (hwenghada) (infinitive 휑해 or 휑하여, sequential 휑하니)

1. knowledgeable, bright, intelligent

   Synonym: 환하다 (hwanhada)

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

2. wide open, airy, breezy

   Synonyms: 썰렁하다 (sseolleonghada), 환하다 (hwanhada)

   바람이 방 안으로 휑하게 통과하고 있었다.

   Baram-i bang an-euro hwenghage tonggwahago isseotda.

   The wind was blowing freely through the room.

3. empty, hollow; giving a sense of emptiness (of a space)

   Synonyms: 휑뎅그렁하다 (hwengdenggeureonghada), 허전하다 (heojeonhada)

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

4. sunken and lacking vitality (of eyes)

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 휑하다 (hwenghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	휑하다 hwenghada	휑해 hwenghae	휑해요 hwenghaeyo	휑합니다 hwenghamnida
	Past	휑했다 hwenghaetda	휑했어 hwenghaesseo	휑했어요 hwenghaesseoyo	휑했습니다 hwenghaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	휑하냐 hwenghanya	휑해 hwenghae	휑해요 hwenghaeyo	휑합니까 hwenghamnikka
	Past	휑했냐 hwenghaennya	휑했어 hwenghaesseo	휑했어요 hwenghaesseoyo	휑했습니까 hwenghaetseumnikka
Assertive		휑하겠다 hwenghagetda	휑하겠어 hwenghagesseo	휑하겠어요 hwenghagesseoyo	휑하겠습니다 hwenghagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		휑해 hwenghae	휑해서, 휑하여서 hwenghaeseo, hwenghayeoseo	휑하니 hwenghani	휑하니까 hwenghanikka
Contrast		휑하지만 hwenghajiman	휑한데 hwenghande	휑하더니 hwenghadeoni
Conjunction		휑하고 hwenghago
Condition		휑하면 hwenghamyeon	휑해야, 휑하여야 hwenghaeya, hwenghayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		휑함 hwengham	휑하기 hwenghagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		휑했음, 휑하였음 hwenghaesseum, hwenghayeosseum	휑했기, 휑하였기 hwenghaetgi, hwenghayeotgi
Determiners	Present		휑한 hwenghan
	Future		휑할 hwenghal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	휑하시다 hwenghasida	휑하셔 hwenghasyeo	휑하세요, 휑하셔요 hwenghaseyo, hwenghasyeoyo	휑하십니다 hwenghasimnida
	Past	휑하셨다 hwenghasyeotda	휑하셨어 hwenghasyeosseo	휑하셨어요 hwenghasyeosseoyo	휑하셨습니다 hwenghasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	휑하시냐 hwenghasinya	휑하셔 hwenghasyeo	휑하세요, 휑하셔요 hwenghaseyo, hwenghasyeoyo	휑하십니까 hwenghasimnikka
	Past	휑하셨냐 hwenghasyeonnya	휑하셨어 hwenghasyeosseo	휑하셨어요 hwenghasyeosseoyo	휑하셨습니까 hwenghasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		휑하시겠다 hwenghasigetda	휑하시겠어 hwenghasigesseo	휑하시겠어요 hwenghasigesseoyo	휑하시겠습니다 hwenghasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		휑하셔 hwenghasyeo	휑하셔서 hwenghasyeoseo	휑하시니 hwenghasini	휑하시니까 hwenghasinikka
Contrast		휑하시지만 hwenghasijiman	휑하신데 hwenghasinde	휑하시더니 hwenghasideoni
Conjunction		휑하시고 hwenghasigo
Condition		휑하시면 hwenghasimyeon	휑하셔야 hwenghasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		휑하심 hwenghasim	휑하시기 hwenghasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		휑하셨음 hwenghasyeosseum	휑하셨기 hwenghasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		휑하신 hwenghasin
	Future		휑하실 hwenghasil