옹졸하다

Korean

Etymology

옹졸(壅拙) (ongjol) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈo̞(ː)ŋd͡ʑo̞ɾɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [옹(ː)졸하다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ongjolhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ongjolhada
McCune–Reischauer?	ongjorhada
Yale Romanization?	ōngcol.hata

Adjective

옹졸하다 • (ongjolhada) (infinitive 옹졸해 or 옹졸하여, sequential 옹졸하니)

1. (to be) narrow-minded; to be intolerant
   • 1956, 김내성／金來成<t:Kim Nae-sung>, “女(여)性(성)의 宿(숙)命(명) [Her Destiny]”, in 失(실)樂(락)園(원)의 별 [The Star of Lost Paradise]:

     『아버님, 제 생각이 옹졸했던 것을 용서해 주세요.』

     "abeonim, je saenggag-i ongjol-haetdeon geos-eul yongseo-hae juseyo."

     "Father, please forgive me for having been close-minded"

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 옹졸하다 (ongjolhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	옹졸하다 ongjolhada	옹졸해 ongjolhae	옹졸해요 ongjolhaeyo	옹졸합니다 ongjolhamnida
	Past	옹졸했다 ongjolhaetda	옹졸했어 ongjolhaesseo	옹졸했어요 ongjolhaesseoyo	옹졸했습니다 ongjolhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	옹졸하냐 ongjolhanya	옹졸해 ongjolhae	옹졸해요 ongjolhaeyo	옹졸합니까 ongjolhamnikka
	Past	옹졸했냐 ongjolhaennya	옹졸했어 ongjolhaesseo	옹졸했어요 ongjolhaesseoyo	옹졸했습니까 ongjolhaetseumnikka
Assertive		옹졸하겠다 ongjolhagetda	옹졸하겠어 ongjolhagesseo	옹졸하겠어요 ongjolhagesseoyo	옹졸하겠습니다 ongjolhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		옹졸해 ongjolhae	옹졸해서, 옹졸하여서 ongjolhaeseo, ongjolhayeoseo	옹졸하니 ongjolhani	옹졸하니까 ongjolhanikka
Contrast		옹졸하지만 ongjolhajiman	옹졸한데 ongjolhande	옹졸하더니 ongjolhadeoni
Conjunction		옹졸하고 ongjolhago
Condition		옹졸하면 ongjolhamyeon	옹졸해야, 옹졸하여야 ongjolhaeya, ongjolhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		옹졸함 ongjolham	옹졸하기 ongjolhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		옹졸했음, 옹졸하였음 ongjolhaesseum, ongjolhayeosseum	옹졸했기, 옹졸하였기 ongjolhaetgi, ongjolhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		옹졸한 ongjolhan
	Future		옹졸할 ongjolhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	옹졸하시다 ongjolhasida	옹졸하셔 ongjolhasyeo	옹졸하세요, 옹졸하셔요 ongjolhaseyo, ongjolhasyeoyo	옹졸하십니다 ongjolhasimnida
	Past	옹졸하셨다 ongjolhasyeotda	옹졸하셨어 ongjolhasyeosseo	옹졸하셨어요 ongjolhasyeosseoyo	옹졸하셨습니다 ongjolhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	옹졸하시냐 ongjolhasinya	옹졸하셔 ongjolhasyeo	옹졸하세요, 옹졸하셔요 ongjolhaseyo, ongjolhasyeoyo	옹졸하십니까 ongjolhasimnikka
	Past	옹졸하셨냐 ongjolhasyeonnya	옹졸하셨어 ongjolhasyeosseo	옹졸하셨어요 ongjolhasyeosseoyo	옹졸하셨습니까 ongjolhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		옹졸하시겠다 ongjolhasigetda	옹졸하시겠어 ongjolhasigesseo	옹졸하시겠어요 ongjolhasigesseoyo	옹졸하시겠습니다 ongjolhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		옹졸하셔 ongjolhasyeo	옹졸하셔서 ongjolhasyeoseo	옹졸하시니 ongjolhasini	옹졸하시니까 ongjolhasinikka
Contrast		옹졸하시지만 ongjolhasijiman	옹졸하신데 ongjolhasinde	옹졸하시더니 ongjolhasideoni
Conjunction		옹졸하시고 ongjolhasigo
Condition		옹졸하시면 ongjolhasimyeon	옹졸하셔야 ongjolhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		옹졸하심 ongjolhasim	옹졸하시기 ongjolhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		옹졸하셨음 ongjolhasyeosseum	옹졸하셨기 ongjolhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		옹졸하신 ongjolhasin
	Future		옹졸하실 ongjolhasil