열하나
Korean
[edit]| ← 10 | 11 | 12 → |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 열하나 (yeolhana) Native attr.: 열한 (yeolhan) Sino-Korean: 십일 (sibil) Hanja: 十一 | ||
Etymology
[edit]Of native Korean origin. From 열 (yeol) + 하나 (hana).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹ɾɦa̠na̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [열하나]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yeolhana |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeolhana |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yŏrhana |
| Yale Romanization? | yel.hana |
Numeral
[edit]열하나 • (yeolhana)
- (native numeral) eleven (in isolation, with a nominal sense)
Usage notes
[edit]In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.