사내
Appearance
Korean
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠nɛ] ~ [sʰa̠ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [사내/사네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | sanae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sanae |
McCune–Reischauer? | sanae |
Yale Romanization? | sanay |
Etymology 1
[edit]First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄮᅡᄒᆡ〮 (Yale: snàhóy), from ᄉᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: són, young man) + 아ᄒᆡ〮 (Yale: àhóy, “child”). Originally meant "man" in general, but it has been largely displaced by Sino-Korean.
Alternative forms
[edit]- 사나이 (sanai)
Noun
[edit]사내 • (sanae)
- a lad; a young man, especially a manly one
- 젊은 사내 ― jeolmeun sanae ― a young lad
- 어느 중국인 사내가 한 시경에 그것을 내다 버렸습니다. ― Eoneu junggugin sanaega han sigyeong'e geugeoseul naeda beoryeotseumnida. ― A Chinese man dumped it around one.
- (dated) man (in general)
- (dated or archaic) husband
Usage notes
[edit]Korean has a number of words equivalent to English "man" and "woman".
- Sino-Korean 남자 (男子, namja, “boy; guy; man”) and 여자 (女子, yeoja, “girl; woman”) are the most common words, but can have a somewhat informal connotation.
- Sino-Korean 남성 (男性, namseong, “male; men”) and 여성 (女性, yeoseong, “female; women”) refer to men and women as groups—though pluralized 남자들 (namja-deul, “the boys; the guys; the men”) and 여자들 (yeoja-deul, “the girls; the women”) is informally more common for this purpose—or to individual adult men and women in formal or polite contexts.
- Sino-Korean 여인 (女人, yeoin, “woman”) is literary. There is no male counterpart.
- The bare Sino-Korean morphemes 남 (男, nam, “male”) and 여 (女, yeo, “female”) is generally used in formal contexts, especially when referring to each gender as a collective but also for male or female individuals in more legalistic contexts. They are commonly written in hanja even when the rest of the text is in pure Hangul script.
- Native 사내 (sanae, “man”) and 계집 (gyejip, “woman”) are not as commonly used. 사내 (sanae) often has a connotation of machismo or manliness, while 계집 (gyejip) has become offensive and derogatory.
Note that in Early Modern Korean (1600—c. 1900) and in contemporary Standard North Korean, Sino-Korean 여 (女, yeo, “female”) is written and pronounced 녀 (nyeo), hence 녀자 (女子, nyeoja), 녀성 (女性, nyeoseong), 녀인 (女人, nyeoin).
Related terms
[edit]- 시나이 (sinai, “husband of another woman”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Sino-Korean word from 寺 (“temple”) + 內 (“interior”).
Noun
[edit]- (Buddhism) interior of a Buddhist temple facility
Etymology 3
[edit]Sino-Korean word from 社 + 內 (“interior”).
Noun
[edit]- interior environment of a working space (implying the existence of affairs within a working environment)