복잡하다

Korean

Etymology

복잡(複雜) (bokjap) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [po̞k̚t͡ɕ͈a̠pʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [복짜파다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	bokjaphada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	bogjabhada
McCune–Reischauer?	pokchaphada
Yale Romanization?	pokcap.hata

Adjective

복잡하다 • (bokjaphada) (infinitive 복잡해 or 복잡하여, sequential 복잡하니)

1. to be complicated
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     베르트푀이는 이렇게 말했다. "마지막 남은 여정은 복잡한 여정입니다."

     Bereuteupoei-neun ireoke mal-haetda. majimak nameun yeojeong-eun bokjap-han yeojeong'imnida."

     Vertefeuille said, “The last mile is a complicated mile.”

2. to be crowded, to be busy, to be congested

   교통이 복잡하지요? ― Gyotong-i bokjap-ha-ji-yo? ― The traffic is bad (congested), isn't it?

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 복잡하다 (bokjaphada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	복잡하다 bokjaphada	복잡해 bokjaphae	복잡해요 bokjaphaeyo	복잡합니다 bokjaphamnida
	Past	복잡했다 bokjaphaetda	복잡했어 bokjaphaesseo	복잡했어요 bokjaphaesseoyo	복잡했습니다 bokjaphaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	복잡하냐 bokjaphanya	복잡해 bokjaphae	복잡해요 bokjaphaeyo	복잡합니까 bokjaphamnikka
	Past	복잡했냐 bokjaphaennya	복잡했어 bokjaphaesseo	복잡했어요 bokjaphaesseoyo	복잡했습니까 bokjaphaetseumnikka
Assertive		복잡하겠다 bokjaphagetda	복잡하겠어 bokjaphagesseo	복잡하겠어요 bokjaphagesseoyo	복잡하겠습니다 bokjaphagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		복잡해 bokjaphae	복잡해서, 복잡하여서 bokjaphaeseo, bokjaphayeoseo	복잡하니 bokjaphani	복잡하니까 bokjaphanikka
Contrast		복잡하지만 bokjaphajiman	복잡한데 bokjaphande	복잡하더니 bokjaphadeoni
Conjunction		복잡하고 bokjaphago
Condition		복잡하면 bokjaphamyeon	복잡해야, 복잡하여야 bokjaphaeya, bokjaphayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		복잡함 bokjapham	복잡하기 bokjaphagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		복잡했음, 복잡하였음 bokjaphaesseum, bokjaphayeosseum	복잡했기, 복잡하였기 bokjaphaetgi, bokjaphayeotgi
Determiners	Present		복잡한 bokjaphan
	Future		복잡할 bokjaphal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	복잡하시다 bokjaphasida	복잡하셔 bokjaphasyeo	복잡하세요, 복잡하셔요 bokjaphaseyo, bokjaphasyeoyo	복잡하십니다 bokjaphasimnida
	Past	복잡하셨다 bokjaphasyeotda	복잡하셨어 bokjaphasyeosseo	복잡하셨어요 bokjaphasyeosseoyo	복잡하셨습니다 bokjaphasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	복잡하시냐 bokjaphasinya	복잡하셔 bokjaphasyeo	복잡하세요, 복잡하셔요 bokjaphaseyo, bokjaphasyeoyo	복잡하십니까 bokjaphasimnikka
	Past	복잡하셨냐 bokjaphasyeonnya	복잡하셨어 bokjaphasyeosseo	복잡하셨어요 bokjaphasyeosseoyo	복잡하셨습니까 bokjaphasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		복잡하시겠다 bokjaphasigetda	복잡하시겠어 bokjaphasigesseo	복잡하시겠어요 bokjaphasigesseoyo	복잡하시겠습니다 bokjaphasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		복잡하셔 bokjaphasyeo	복잡하셔서 bokjaphasyeoseo	복잡하시니 bokjaphasini	복잡하시니까 bokjaphasinikka
Contrast		복잡하시지만 bokjaphasijiman	복잡하신데 bokjaphasinde	복잡하시더니 bokjaphasideoni
Conjunction		복잡하시고 bokjaphasigo
Condition		복잡하시면 bokjaphasimyeon	복잡하셔야 bokjaphasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		복잡하심 bokjaphasim	복잡하시기 bokjaphasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		복잡하셨음 bokjaphasyeosseum	복잡하셨기 bokjaphasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		복잡하신 bokjaphasin
	Future		복잡하실 bokjaphasil