병들다

Korean

Etymology

병 (病, byeong, “illness”) + 들다 (deulda, “to enter”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈpjɘ(ː)ŋdɯɭda̠]
Phonetic hangul: [병(ː)들다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	byeongdeulda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	byeongdeulda
McCune–Reischauer^?	pyŏngdŭlda
Yale Romanization^?	pyēngtulta

Verb

병들다 • (byeongdeulda) (infinitive 병들어, sequential 병드니)

to fall ill/sick, to become ill
- c. 1725, 이창중 [ichangjung, Yi Changjung], “천지일가곡/天地一家曲”, in 연연정창수록/然然亭唱酬錄:
  明(명)命(명)이 어듭기 ᄂᆞᆫ 物(물)欲(욕)에 病(병)들엇ᄂᆡ / 이 病(병)을 못 고치면 蟲(츙)豸(치)들 멀노소랴
  myeongmyeong-i eodeupgi-neun muryog-e byeongdeureonnae / i byeong-eul mot gochimyeon chyungchi-deul meollosorya
  It is not that [Heaven's] bright mandate is dark, but rather one is diseased by material craving / If one does not cure this disease, would one much different from insects?

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 병들다 (byeongdeulda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	병든다 byeongdeunda	병들어 byeongdeureo	병들어요 byeongdeureoyo	병듭니다 byeongdeumnida
Indicative	Past	병들었다 byeongdeureotda	병들었어 byeongdeureosseo	병들었어요 byeongdeureosseoyo	병들었습니다 byeongdeureotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	병드느냐 byeongdeuneunya	병들어 byeongdeureo	병들어요 byeongdeureoyo	병듭니까 byeongdeumnikka
Interrogative	Past	병들었느냐 byeongdeureonneunya	병들었어 byeongdeureosseo	병들었어요 byeongdeureosseoyo	병들었습니까 byeongdeureotseumnikka
Hortative		병들자 byeongdeulja	병들어 byeongdeureo	병들어요 byeongdeureoyo	병드십시다 byeongdeusipsida
Imperative		병들어라 byeongdeureora	병들어 byeongdeureo	병들어요 byeongdeureoyo	병듭시오 byeongdeupsio
Assertive		병들겠다 byeongdeulgetda	병들겠어 byeongdeulgesseo	병들겠어요 byeongdeulgesseoyo	병들겠습니다 byeongdeulgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		병들어 byeongdeureo	병들어서 byeongdeureoseo	병드니 byeongdeuni	병드니까 byeongdeunikka
Contrast		병들지만 byeongdeuljiman	병드는데 byeongdeuneunde	병들더니 byeongdeuldeoni
Conjunction		병들고 byeongdeulgo
Condition		병들면 byeongdeulmyeon	병들어야 byeongdeureoya
Motive		병들려고 byeongdeullyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		병듦 byeongdeum	병들기 byeongdeulgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		병들었음 byeongdeureosseum	병들었기 byeongdeureotgi
Determiners	Past	병든 byeongdeun
	Present	병드는 byeongdeuneun
	Future	병들 byeongdeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	병드신다 byeongdeusinda	병드셔 byeongdeusyeo	병드세요, 병드셔요 byeongdeuseyo, byeongdeusyeoyo	병드십니다 byeongdeusimnida
Indicative	Past	병드셨다 byeongdeusyeotda	병드셨어 byeongdeusyeosseo	병드셨어요 byeongdeusyeosseoyo	병드셨습니다 byeongdeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	병드시느냐 byeongdeusineunya	병드셔 byeongdeusyeo	병드세요, 병드셔요 byeongdeuseyo, byeongdeusyeoyo	병드십니까 byeongdeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	병드셨느냐 byeongdeusyeonneunya	병드셨어 byeongdeusyeosseo	병드셨어요 byeongdeusyeosseoyo	병드셨습니까 byeongdeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		병드시라 byeongdeusira	병드셔 byeongdeusyeo	병드세요 byeongdeuseyo	병드십시오 byeongdeusipsio
Assertive		병드시겠다 byeongdeusigetda	병드시겠어 byeongdeusigesseo	병드시겠어요 byeongdeusigesseoyo	병드시겠습니다 byeongdeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		병드셔 byeongdeusyeo	병드셔서 byeongdeusyeoseo	병드시니 byeongdeusini	병드시니까 byeongdeusinikka
Contrast		병드시지만 byeongdeusijiman	병드시는데 byeongdeusineunde	병드시더니 byeongdeusideoni
Conjunction		병드시고 byeongdeusigo
Condition		병드시면 byeongdeusimyeon	병드셔야 byeongdeusyeoya
Motive		병드시려고 byeongdeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		병드심 byeongdeusim	병드시기 byeongdeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		병드셨음 byeongdeusyeosseum	병드셨기 byeongdeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	병드신 byeongdeusin
	Present	병드시는 byeongdeusineun
	Future	병드실 byeongdeusil