됴타
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Middle Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps ultimately a Sino-Korean ᄒᆞ다〮 (hòtá)-verb; see Korean 좋다 (jota) for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]됴〯타〮 (tyǒthá) (infinitive 됴〯하〮, sequential 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮)
- (intransitive) to become (or to be) pleasing; to become (or to be) good
- Antonym: 굿다〮 (kwùstá)
- 14th c.? (pub. late 15th c.), “滿殿春 / 만전춘 (Manjeonchun)”, in 樂章歌詞 / 악장가사 (Akjang gasa):
- 올하 올하 아련 비올하 여흘란 어듸 두고 소해 자라 온다 소콧 얼면 여흘도 됴ᄒᆞ니
- wolh-a wolh-a alyen piwolh-a yehul-lan etuy twukwo swoh-ay cala wonta swoh-kwos elmyen yehul-two tyohoni
- O duck, o duck, o foolish rain-duck! Where have you left your riffles that you come sleep in the marsh? But once the marsh freezes, the riffles are good as well.
- 1481, 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해, page 19:33:
- 사〯ᄅᆞ미〮 됴〯ᄒᆞᆯᄊᆡ〮 ᄯᅩ〮 가마괴〮도〮 됴〯토다〮
- sǎlàm-í tyǒhòlssóy stwó kàmàkwóy-twó tyǒthwòtá
- Though people are pleasing to me, how the ravens please me as well!
- (intransitive) to become (or to be) of superior quality; to become (or to be) good
- Antonym: 굿다〮 (kwùstá)
- 1517, 飜譯朴通事 / 번역박통사, page I.47:
- ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ 됴〯ᄒᆞ신〮 누의님〮하〮
- mòzòm tyǒhòsín nwùùy-ním-há
- O my honored good-hearted sister!
- (intransitive) to become (or to be) suitable or good for a specific purpose
- Antonym: 굿다〮 (kwùstá)
- 1466, 救急方諺解 / 구급방언해, page I.50:
- 새〮 약곳〮 업〯거든〮 달힌〮 즈ᅀᅴ도〮 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮니라〮
- sáy yàk-kwós ěpkètún tàlhín cùzùy-twó tyǒhónìlá
- As long as one has none of the new medicine, the boiled dregs are also suitable.
- (intransitive) to get better, to be healed, to recover from an illness
- 1489, 救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해, pages 6:39a–b:
- 미친〮 가히〮 믈인〮 독〮이〮 다시〮 나거든〮 ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆫ ᄉᆡᇰ아ᇰ을〮 ᄀᆞ〮라 므〮레 프〮러 두〯 돈〯을〮 머그〮면 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮라
- mìchín kàhí mùlGín twók-í tàsí nàkètún mòlòn sòyngàng-úl kólà múl-èy púlè twǔ twǒn-úl mèkúmyèn tyǒhòlílà
- Having been bitten by a rabid dog, should [the effects of] the poison [i.e. the rabies virus] recur, take two dons of ground dry ginger dissolved in water, and [the symptoms] will get better.
- (uncommon, transitive) to be pleased by, to consider as good
- Synonym: 됴〯히〮 너기〮다〮 (tyǒhí nèkítá)
- (hapax, transitive) to heal, to cure (possibly awkward literal translation from Chinese)
- Synonym: 고티〮다〮 (kwòthítá)
Usage notes
[edit]Modern learners often confuse this verb with 조타〮 (cwòtá), which means "to be pure".
Conjugation
[edit]| Selected conjugations of 됴〯타〮 (tyǒthá), Accentual class R | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Note that many forms are unattested/merely hypothetical.
| |||||
| Selected plain sentence-final forms | |||||
| Declarative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative | |||
| Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | |||
| Past | 됴〯타〮 (tyǒthá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒhónìlá) |
됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ가〮 (tyǒhònká) 됴〯ᄒᆞ녀〮 (tyǒhònyé) |
됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ고〮 (tyǒhònkwó) 됴〯ᄒᆞ뇨〮 (tyǒhònyó) |
됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ다〮 (tyǒhòntá) | 됴〯호라〮 (tyǒhwòlá) |
| Present | 됸〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒnnòtá) 됸〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒnnónìlá) |
됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (tyǒnnònká) 됸〯ᄂᆞ녀〮 (tyǒnnònyé) |
됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (tyǒnnònkwó) 됸〯ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (tyǒnnònyó) |
됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (tyǒnnòntá) | 됸〯노라〮 (tyǒnnwòlá) |
| Conjectural | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮리라〮 (tyǒhólìlá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ가〮 (tyǒhòlqká) 됴〯ᄒᆞ려〮 (tyǒhòlyé) |
됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ고〮 (tyǒhòlqkwó) 됴〯ᄒᆞ료〮 (tyǒhòlyó) |
됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ다〮 (tyǒhòlqtá) | 됴〯호〮리라〮 (tyǒhwólìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
됴〯터라〮 (tyǒthèlá) 됴〯터〮니라〮 (tyǒthénìlá) |
됴〯턴가〮 (tyǒthènká) 됴〯터녀〮 (tyǒthènyé) |
됴〯턴고〮 (tyǒthènkwó) 됴〯터뇨〮 (tyǒthènyó) |
됴〯턴다〮 (tyǒthèntá) | 됴〯타라〮 (tyǒthàlá) |
| 거 (-ke-) form | 됴〯커다〮 (tyǒkhètá) 됴〯커〮니라〮 (tyǒkhénìlá) |
됴〯커녀〮 (tyǒkhènyé) | 됴〯커뇨〮 (tyǒkhènyó) | 됴〯컨다〮 (tyǒkhèntá) | 됴〯콰라〮 (tyǒkhwàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
됴〯ᄒᆞ라〮 (tyǒhlá, order)
됴〯코라〮 (tyǒkhwòlá, request) |
됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ뎌〮 (tyǒhòntyé), 됴〯ᄒᆞᆯ쎠〮 (tyǒhòlssyé)
됴〯토다〮 (tyǒthwòtá), 됴〯톳다〮 (tyǒthwòstá) 됴〯해라〮 (tyǒhàylá) | ||||
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms | |||||
| Past | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhóngìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòníngìtá) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒhòníngìská) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒhòníngìskwó) | no separate forms | 됴〯호〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhwóngìtá) |
| Present | 됸〯ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒnnóngìtá) 됸〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒnnòníngìtá) |
됸〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒnnòníngìská) | 됸〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒnnòníngìskwó) | 됸〯노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒnnwóngìtá) | |
| Conjectural | 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòlíngìtá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒhòlíngìská) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒhòlíngìskwó) | 됴〯호리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhwòlíngìtá) | |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
됴〯ᄒᆞ〮쇼셔〮 (tyǒhósyòsyé, order) 됴〯코〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhwóngìtá, request) |
됴〯토다〮 (tyǒthwòtá), 됴〯톳다〮 (tyǒthwòstá)
됴〯해〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒháyngìtá) | ||||
| Selected honorific declarative forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Plain subject-honoring | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시다〮 (tyǒhósìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮니라〮 (tyǒhòsínìlá) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒhòsínòtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒhósìnónìlá) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮리라〮 (tyǒhòsílìlá) | 됴〯터〮시다〮 (tyǒthésìtá) 됴〯터시〮니라〮 (tyǒthèsínìlá) |
됴〯커〮시다〮 (tyǒkhésìtá) 됴〯커시〮니라〮 (tyǒkhèsínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòsíngìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhósìníngìtá) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhósìnóngìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòsínòníngìtá) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhósílíngìtá) | 됴〯터시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthèsíngìtá) 됴〯터〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthésìníngìtá) |
됴〯커시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhèsíngìtá) 됴〯커〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhésìníngìtá) |
| Plain object-honoring | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯다〮 (tyǒssǒptá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒssòWónìlá) |
됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒssǒpnòtá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpnónìlá) |
됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (tyǒssòWólìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯더라〮 (tyǒssǒptèlá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpténìlá) |
됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거다〮 (tyǒssǒpkètá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpkénìlá) |
| Selected connective forms | |||||
| Connective | Causative | Conditional/situating | Contrastive/concessive | Purposive/desiderative | Infinitive |
| 됴〯코〮 (tyǒkhwó) 됴〯ᄒᆞ며〮 (tyǒhòmyé) 됴〯타가〮 (tyǒthàká) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮 (tyǒhòní) 됴〯커ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒkhènól) 됴〯ᄒᆞᆯᄊᆡ〮 (tyǒhòlssóy, only in declarative) 됴〯콴ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒkhwàntóy, only in interrogative) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ면〮 (tyǒhòmyén) 됴〯커든〮 (tyǒkhètún) 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ대〮 (tyǒhòntáy) 됴〯컨댄〮 (tyǒkhèntáyn) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ나〮 (tyǒhòná) 됴〯호ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒhwòtóy) 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫᄃᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒhòntól) 됴〯컨〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒkhénmàlón) |
됴〯호려〮 (tyǒhwòlyé) 됴〯코져〮 (tyǒkhwòcyé, desires own action) 됴〯콰뎌〮 (tyǒkhwàtyé, desires other's action) |
됴〯하〮 (tyǒhá) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | |||
| Unmodulated non-honorific | 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒhón) | 됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒnnón) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ〮 (tyǒhólq) | ||
| Modulated non-honorific | 됴〯혼〮 (tyǒhwón) | 됸〯논〮 (tyǒnnwón) | 됴〯호ᇙ〮 (tyǒhwólq) | ||
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | 됴〯ᄒᆞ신〮 (tyǒhòsín) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒhósìnón) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시ᇙ〮 (tyǒhòsílq) | ||
| Substantive forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | ||||
됴〯홈〮 (tyǒhwóm) |
됴〯ᄒᆞ샴〮 (tyǒhòsyám)
| ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 됴〯쿳다〮 (tyǒkhwùstá, “to be good or bad”)