넷

넷 U+B137, 넷 HANGUL SYLLABLE NES Composition: ㄴ + ㅔ + ㅅ ← 넶 [U+B136] Hangul Syllables 넸 → [U+B138]

네넥넦넧넨넩넪 넫넬넭넮넯넰넱 넲넳넴넵넶넷넸 넹넺넻넼넽넾넿
너 ←	→ 녀

Jeju

Alternative forms

• 네 (ne) (for counters)

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 넷 (net).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne̞t̚/

Numeral

넷 (net)

1. four

Synonyms

• ᄉᆞ (saw) (四)

See also

• 마은 (ma'eun, “forty”)

References

• “넷” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean

Etymology

Korean numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Native isol.: 넷 (net)     Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo)     Sino-Korean: 사 (sa)     Hanja: 四     Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 넿〯 (Yale: něyh). A form similar to the Middle Korean is first attested in the twelfth-century Jilin leishi, which gives the Korean word for "four" as */nai/.

Beyond the Leishi, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "four" is difficult, although Alexander Vovin posits *neki as the direct antecedent (via metathesis) of Middle Korean něyh, on the strength of the Middle Korean form 넉〯 (Yale: něk, “four”, determiner form taken before certain classifiers). See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Four.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ne̞(ː)t̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [넫(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	net
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nes
McCune–Reischauer?	net
Yale Romanization?	nēys

Numeral

넷 • (net)

1. (native numeral) four (as a noun)

   Synonym: 사(四) (“four”, Sino-Korean numeral)

Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Related terms

• 네 (ne, “four”, determiner)
• 너 (neo, “four”, determiner before certain words, fossilized)
• 넉 (neok, “four”, determiner before certain words, fossilized)

See also

• 마흔 (maheun, “forty”)