너므다

Middle Korean

Etymology

From 넘〯 (něm-, “to surpass”) +‎ 으 (-u-, causative suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽nɘ̀mɨ̀tá⫽
• Dongguk Jeongun: [너므다]

Verb

너므다〮 (nèmùtá) (infinitive 넘거〮, sequential 너므니〮)

1. to make go past, over
   • 1481, 분류두공부시언해 [bullyudugongbusieonhae], volume 07, page 35b:

     말ᄉᆞᄆᆞᆯ 브텨 노ᄑᆞᆫ 뫼ᄒᆞᆯ 넘거 보내노라

     malsom-ol puthye nwoph-on mwoyh-ol nemk-e pwonay-nwola

     ...sends the words, sends it over the high mountain.

   1. to go against
      • 1459, 월인석보 [worinseokbo], volume 10, page 20a:

        겨〯지비〮 沙門(상몬) ᄃᆞ외오〮져〮 ᄒᆞᇙ 사〯ᄅᆞᄆᆞᆫ〮 八敬法(바ᇙ〮겨ᇰ〮법〮)을〮 너므디〮 아니〮ᄒᆞ〮야〮

        kyěcìp-í SÀ.MWÒN tòwòy-wócyé hòlq sǎlòm-ón PÁLQ.KYÉNG.PÉP-úl nemu-tí àníhó-yá

        Women who wish to become ascetic monks [shall not] go against the eight rules of respect

   2. to exceed
      • 1518, 번역소학 [beonyeoksohak], volume 10, page 32a:

        혹〮 세〯 번식〮 돌이〮며〮 혹〮 다ᄉᆞᆺ〮 번식〮 돌여〮 닐굽〮 번의〮 너므디〮 아니〮ᄒᆞ며〮

        hwók sěy pèn-sík twòlí-myé hwók tàsós pèn-sík twòlyé nìlkwúp pèn-úy nemu-tí àníhò-myé

        [My father] would sometimes go around three times, sometimes five times, never exceeding seven times

Usage notes

• This verb stem is k-irregular, meaning that it takes an allomorph 너ᇚ (nèmk-) before vowel-initial endings.