굴다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 굴다 (Yale: kwulta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kuɭda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [굴다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gulda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gulda
McCune–Reischauer?	kulda
Yale Romanization?	kwulta

Verb

굴다 • (gulda) (infinitive 굴어, sequential 구니)

1. (auxiliary, used with the —게 (-ge) form of adjectives) to behave, to conduct oneself, to act

   너는 우습게 군다.

   neoneun useupge gunda.

   You are being funny.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 굴다 (gulda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	군다 gunda	굴어 gureo	굴어요 gureoyo	굽니다 gumnida
	Past	굴었다 gureotda	굴었어 gureosseo	굴었어요 gureosseoyo	굴었습니다 gureotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	구느냐 guneunya	굴어 gureo	굴어요 gureoyo	굽니까 gumnikka
	Past	굴었느냐 gureonneunya	굴었어 gureosseo	굴었어요 gureosseoyo	굴었습니까 gureotseumnikka
Hortative		굴자 gulja	굴어 gureo	굴어요 gureoyo	구십시다 gusipsida
Imperative		굴어라 gureora	굴어 gureo	굴어요 gureoyo	굽시오 gupsio
Assertive		굴겠다 gulgetda	굴겠어 gulgesseo	굴겠어요 gulgesseoyo	굴겠습니다 gulgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		굴어 gureo	굴어서 gureoseo	구니 guni	구니까 gunikka
Contrast		굴지만 guljiman	구는데 guneunde	굴더니 guldeoni
Conjunction		굴고 gulgo
Condition		굴면 gulmyeon	굴어야 gureoya
Motive		굴려고 gullyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		굶 gum	굴기 gulgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굴었음 gureosseum	굴었기 gureotgi
Determiners	Past	군 gun
	Present	구는 guneun
	Future	굴 gul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	구신다 gusinda	구셔 gusyeo	구세요, 구셔요 guseyo, gusyeoyo	구십니다 gusimnida
	Past	구셨다 gusyeotda	구셨어 gusyeosseo	구셨어요 gusyeosseoyo	구셨습니다 gusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	구시느냐 gusineunya	구셔 gusyeo	구세요, 구셔요 guseyo, gusyeoyo	구십니까 gusimnikka
	Past	구셨느냐 gusyeonneunya	구셨어 gusyeosseo	구셨어요 gusyeosseoyo	구셨습니까 gusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		구시라 gusira	구셔 gusyeo	구세요 guseyo	구십시오 gusipsio
Assertive		구시겠다 gusigetda	구시겠어 gusigesseo	구시겠어요 gusigesseoyo	구시겠습니다 gusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		구셔 gusyeo	구셔서 gusyeoseo	구시니 gusini	구시니까 gusinikka
Contrast		구시지만 gusijiman	구시는데 gusineunde	구시더니 gusideoni
Conjunction		구시고 gusigo
Condition		구시면 gusimyeon	구셔야 gusyeoya
Motive		구시려고 gusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		구심 gusim	구시기 gusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		구셨음 gusyeosseum	구셨기 gusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	구신 gusin
	Present	구시는 gusineun
	Future	구실 gusil