ꜥtḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːtɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: atekh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to press (a dough or mash) through a sieve or cloth, to strain, to sieve, especially in brewing beer or preparing medicines [since the Old Kingdom]

   ― šbb ꜥtḫ ― to knead and press to completion

2. (transitive) to press (grapes) for making wine

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥtḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥtḫ, geminated stem: ꜥtḫḫ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜥtḫ ꜥtḫw, ꜥtḫ ꜥtḫt ꜥtḫ ꜥtḫ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜥtḫ ḥr ꜥtḫ m ꜥtḫ r ꜥtḫ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ꜥtḫ.n ꜥtḫw, ꜥtḫ consecutive ꜥtḫ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ꜥtḫt perfective3 ꜥtḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ꜥtḫ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ꜥtḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ꜥtḫ ꜥtḫḫ potentialis1 ꜥtḫ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ꜥtḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ꜥtḫ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ꜥtḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜥtḫ ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫw5, ꜥtḫy5 imperfective ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫy, ꜥtḫw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫj6, ꜥtḫy6 ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫw5 prospective ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫtj7 — ꜥtḫtj4, ꜥtḫt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥtḫ  

jtḫ	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫw	ꜥtḫ
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[18th Dynasty]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
		abbreviation; in hieratic	in hieratic

References

• “ꜥtḫ (lemma ID 41820)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 236.13–237.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 51