ꜥḫj

See also: ꜥẖj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːxi/
  • Conventional anglicization: akhi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to raise (something, especially the sky) up [since the Middle Kingdom]
2. (transitive) to hang (someone)
3. (reflexive) to raise oneself, to rise up, to ascend
4. (reflexive, of fleeing enemies) to leave, to slip away^? [20th Dynasty]

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥḫj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥḫ, geminated stem: ꜥḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥḫt, ꜥḫj	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ	ꜥḫt, ꜥḫwt, ꜥḫyt	ꜥḫ	ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥḫ8, ꜥḫḫ8	ḥr ꜥḫt, ḥr ꜥḫj	m ꜥḫt, m ꜥḫj	r ꜥḫt, r ꜥḫj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥḫ.n	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	consecutive	ꜥḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥḫt, ꜥḫyt
perfective3	ꜥḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜥḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	potentialis1	ꜥḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥḫw1, ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥḫ	ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ
imperfective	ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫy, ꜥḫḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫj6, ꜥḫḫy6	ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫw5
prospective	ꜥḫw1, ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫtj7	—	ꜥḫwtj1 4, ꜥḫtj4, ꜥḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥḫj  

ꜥḫj	ꜥḫj	ꜥḫj
[18th Dynasty]	[18th Dynasty]	[18th Dynasty]
		abbreviation

Descendants

• Demotic: ꜥḫj
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⳉⲉ (eixe)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓϣⲓ (iši)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓϣⲓ (iši)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓϣⲉ (eiše)

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. Alternative form of ꜥẖj (“to fly, to fly away”)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥḫj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥḫ, geminated stem: ꜥḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥḫt, ꜥḫj	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ	ꜥḫt, ꜥḫwt, ꜥḫyt	ꜥḫ	ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥḫ8, ꜥḫḫ8	ḥr ꜥḫt, ḥr ꜥḫj	m ꜥḫt, m ꜥḫj	r ꜥḫt, r ꜥḫj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥḫ.n	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	consecutive	ꜥḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥḫt, ꜥḫyt
perfective3	ꜥḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜥḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	potentialis1	ꜥḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥḫw1, ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥḫ	ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ
imperfective	ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫy, ꜥḫḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫj6, ꜥḫḫy6	ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫw5
prospective	ꜥḫw1, ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫtj7	—	ꜥḫwtj1 4, ꜥḫtj4, ꜥḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥḫj  

ꜥḫj

[Greco-Roman Period]

References

• “ꜥḫi̯ (lemma ID 40570)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 224.2–224.7
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 48