ꜣq

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑk/
  • Conventional anglicization: aq

Verb

 2-lit. or 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive, of people, things, and lands) to perish, to die, to fall to ruin [since the Middle Kingdom]
2. (intransitive, of strength, fear, things, names, etc.) to fade away, to wane, to dwindle
3. (intransitive, of mass) to be lost in the process of cooking
4. (intransitive, of the heart/mind) to become forgetful
5. (intransitive, of the arm) to become lame

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣq (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣq, geminated stem: ꜣqq

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜣq ꜣqw, ꜣq ꜣqt ꜣq, j.ꜣq ꜣq, j.ꜣq ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜣq ḥr ꜣq m ꜣq r ꜣq suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ꜣq.n consecutive ꜣq.jn terminative ꜣqt perfective3 ꜣq obligative1 ꜣq.ḫr imperfective ꜣq, j.ꜣq1 prospective3 ꜣq potentialis1 ꜣq.kꜣ subjunctive ꜣq, j.ꜣq1 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ꜣq.n — — perfective ꜣq ꜣq ꜣqq, ꜣqqj6, ꜣq2, ꜣqw2 5, ꜣqy2 5 imperfective j.ꜣq1, ꜣq, ꜣqy, ꜣqw5 j.ꜣq1, j.ꜣqw1 5, ꜣq, ꜣqj6, ꜣqy6 ꜣq, ꜣqw5 prospective ꜣq, ꜣqtj7 ꜣqtj4, ꜣqt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Hoch instead considers this a third weak verb:

Conjugation of ꜣqj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣq, geminated stem: ꜣqq

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜣqt, ꜣqj ꜣqw, ꜣq ꜣqt, ꜣqwt, ꜣqyt ꜣq ꜣq, ꜣqy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜣq8, ꜣqq8 ḥr ꜣqt, ḥr ꜣqj m ꜣqt, m ꜣqj r ꜣqt, r ꜣqj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ꜣq.n consecutive ꜣq.jn terminative ꜣqt, ꜣqyt perfective3 ꜣq obligative1 ꜣq.ḫr imperfective ꜣq, ꜣqy prospective3 ꜣqw, ꜣq, ꜣqy potentialis1 ꜣq.kꜣ subjunctive ꜣq, ꜣqy verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ꜣq.n — — perfective ꜣqw1, ꜣqy, ꜣq ꜣq ꜣqy, ꜣq imperfective ꜣqq, ꜣqqy, ꜣqqw5 ꜣqq, ꜣqqj6, ꜣqqy6 ꜣqq, ꜣqqw5 prospective ꜣqw1, ꜣqy, ꜣq, ꜣqtj7 ꜣqwtj1 4, ꜣqtj4, ꜣqt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣq  

ꜣq	ꜣqꜣ	jq
[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	in hieratic

Derived terms

• ꜣqyt
• ꜣqw

Descendants

Compounded with ḏjt, infinitive of rḏj:

• ⇒ Demotic: djt ꜣq (“to cause to perish”)
  • Coptic: ⲧⲁⲕⲟ (tako, “to destroy”)

References

• “ꜣq (lemma ID 290)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 21.11–21.20
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 6
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 184
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 242