ꜣṯp

See also: ꜣtp

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːcap/ → /ˈʀaːtap/ → /ˈʔaːtəp/ → /ˈʔoːtəp/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːcap/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːtap/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaːtəp/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoːtəp/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑt͡ʃɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: atjep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to put a cargo in or on (a vessel, animal, or person); to load (+ ẖr, + m: to load with) [since the Old Kingdom]
2. (transitive) to load (a cargo) (+ r: into (a ship)) [since the Old Kingdom]
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 166:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n ꜣtp.n.j st r dpt tn

     Then I loaded it onto that boat.

3. (intransitive, often figurative) to be(come) laden
4. (intransitive) to be(come) laden with trouble or hardship; to be(come) oppressed or miserable

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣṯp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣṯp, geminated stem: ꜣṯpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣṯp	ꜣṯpw, ꜣṯp	ꜣṯpt	ꜣṯp	ꜣṯp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣṯp	ḥr ꜣṯp	m ꜣṯp	r ꜣṯp

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣṯp.n	ꜣṯpw, ꜣṯp	consecutive	ꜣṯp.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜣṯpt
perfective3	ꜣṯp	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜣṯp.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜣṯp	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜣṯp	ꜣṯpp	potentialis1	ꜣṯp.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜣṯp	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣṯp.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜣṯp	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣṯp	ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpw5, ꜣṯpy5
imperfective	ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpy, ꜣṯpw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpj6, ꜣṯpy6	ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpw5
prospective	ꜣṯp, ꜣṯptj7	—	ꜣṯptj4, ꜣṯpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣṯp  

ꜣtp	ꜣtp	ꜣtp	ꜣtp	ꜣtpy	ꜣtpw	ꜣt	ꜣṯp	jtp
								[Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

• ꜣtpwt
• ꜣṯpw

 

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲧⲡ (ōtp)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲧⲡ̄ (ōtp̄)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 23.15–24.3
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 6
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 40