ꜣṯp

See also: ꜣtp

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːcap/ → /ˈʀaːtap/ → /ˈʔaːtəp/ → /ˈʔoːtəp/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːcap/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːtap/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaːtəp/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoːtəp/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑt͡ʃɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: atjep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to put a cargo in or on (a vessel, animal, or person); to load (+ ẖr, + m: to load with) [since the Old Kingdom]
2. (transitive) to load (a cargo) (+ r: into (a ship)) [since the Old Kingdom]
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 166:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n ꜣtp.n.j st r dpt tn

     Then I loaded it onto that boat.

3. (intransitive, often figurative) to be(come) laden
4. (intransitive) to be(come) laden with trouble or hardship; to be(come) oppressed or miserable

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣṯp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣṯp, geminated stem: ꜣṯpp

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜣṯp ꜣṯpw, ꜣṯp ꜣṯpt ꜣṯp ꜣṯp ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜣṯp ḥr ꜣṯp m ꜣṯp r ꜣṯp suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ꜣṯp.n ꜣṯpw, ꜣṯp consecutive ꜣṯp.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ꜣṯpt perfective3 ꜣṯp active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ꜣṯp.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ꜣṯp active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ꜣṯp ꜣṯpp potentialis1 ꜣṯp.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ꜣṯp active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ꜣṯp.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ꜣṯp active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜣṯp ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpw5, ꜣṯpy5 imperfective ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpy, ꜣṯpw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpj6, ꜣṯpy6 ꜣṯp, ꜣṯpw5 prospective ꜣṯp, ꜣṯptj7 — ꜣṯptj4, ꜣṯpt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣṯp  

ꜣtp	ꜣtp	ꜣtp	ꜣtp	ꜣtpy	ꜣtpw	ꜣt	ꜣṯp	jtp
								[Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

• ꜣtpwt
• ꜣṯpw

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲧⲡ (ōtp)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲧⲡ̄ (ōtp̄)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 23.15–24.3
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 6
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 40