音読

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
音	読
おん Grade: 1	どく Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
音讀 (kyūjitai)

Probably coined in Japan of elements borrowed from Middle Chinese, as a compound of 音 (on, “sound”) +‎ 読 (doku, “reading”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おんどく [òńdókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [õ̞ndo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

音(おん)読(どく) • (ondoku) 

1. reading aloud
2. the reading of a Japanese word written in kanji that is roughly based on the pronunciation of the kanji characters in the originating Chinese dialect at the time the word was introduced into Japanese

Antonyms

• 黙読(もくどく) (mokudoku, “to read to oneself, to read silently”)

Verb

音(おん)読(どく)する • (ondoku suru) transitive suru (stem 音(おん)読(どく)し (ondoku shi), past 音(おん)読(どく)した (ondoku shita))

1. to read aloud
2. to read a Japanese word written in kanji using the pronunciation based on the original Chinese pronunciation

Conjugation

Conjugation of "音読する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	音読し	おんどくし	ondoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	音読し	おんどくし	ondoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	音読する	おんどくする	ondoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	音読する	おんどくする	ondoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	音読すれ	おんどくすれ	ondoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	音読せよ¹ 音読しろ²	おんどくせよ¹ おんどくしろ²	ondoku seyo¹ ondoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	音読される	おんどくされる	ondoku sareru
Causative	音読させる 音読さす	おんどくさせる おんどくさす	ondoku saseru ondoku sasu
Potential	音読できる	おんどくできる	ondoku dekiru
Volitional	音読しよう	おんどくしよう	ondoku shiyō
Negative	音読しない	おんどくしない	ondoku shinai
Negative continuative	音読せず	おんどくせず	ondoku sezu
Formal	音読します	おんどくします	ondoku shimasu
Perfective	音読した	おんどくした	ondoku shita
Conjunctive	音読して	おんどくして	ondoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	音読すれば	おんどくすれば	ondoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “read aloud”): 黙読(もくどく) (mokudoku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
音	読
おん Grade: 1	よ(み) Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

Alternative spelling
音讀 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 音 (on, “sound”) +‎ 読み (yomi, “reading”). Originally referred to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text, as opposed to the meanings of these Chinese words in Japanese (called 訓読み (kun'yomi) or 訓読 (kundoku)).

Rare alternate for 音読み, leaving the okurigana み implied.

For pronunciation and definitions of 音読 – see the following entry.

【音読おんよみ】 [noun] (linguistics) the reading of a Japanese word written in kanji that is roughly based on the pronunciation of the kanji characters in the originating Chinese lect at the time the word was introduced into Japanese [verb] to use the on'yomi of a word, to read a word using the pronunciation based on the original Chinese pronunciation

(This term, 音読, is an alternative spelling (implied okurigana) of the above term.)