障害
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
障 | 害 |
しょう Grade: 6 |
がい Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
障碍 障礙 障がい |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]障害 • (shōgai) ←しやうがい (syaugai)?
Derived terms
[edit]- 嚥下障害 (enge shōgai, “dysphagia”)
- 性同一性障害 (sei dōitsusei shōgai, “gender identity disorder”)
Verb
[edit]障害する • (shōgai suru) ←しやうがい (syaugai)?suru (stem 障害し (shōgai shi), past 障害した (shōgai shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "障害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 障害し | しょうがいし | shōgai shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 障害し | しょうがいし | shōgai shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 障害する | しょうがいする | shōgai suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 障害する | しょうがいする | shōgai suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 障害すれ | しょうがいすれ | shōgai sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 障害せよ¹ 障害しろ² |
しょうがいせよ¹ しょうがいしろ² |
shōgai seyo¹ shōgai shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 障害される | しょうがいされる | shōgai sareru | |
Causative | 障害させる 障害さす |
しょうがいさせる しょうがいさす |
shōgai saseru shōgai sasu | |
Potential | 障害できる | しょうがいできる | shōgai dekiru | |
Volitional | 障害しよう | しょうがいしよう | shōgai shiyō | |
Negative | 障害しない | しょうがいしない | shōgai shinai | |
Negative continuative | 障害せず | しょうがいせず | shōgai sezu | |
Formal | 障害します | しょうがいします | shōgai shimasu | |
Perfective | 障害した | しょうがいした | shōgai shita | |
Conjunctive | 障害して | しょうがいして | shōgai shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 障害すれば | しょうがいすれば | shōgai sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Usage notes
[edit]This term was originally written as 障碍 (shōgai), but replaced by 障害 (shōgai) in the national language reform due to 碍 (gai) not listed in 当用漢字 (Tōyō kanji) (Chinese characters for daily use, now replaced by 常用漢字 (Jōyō kanji)). The character 害 (gai) could also mean harm, so 碍 or がい are often used in place of it to avoid its negative connotation.
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 障 read as しょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 害 read as がい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with 碍 replaced by daiyōji 害
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- ja:Disability