際叱

Old Korean

Noun

際叱 (*KOs)

1. edge, boundary, end
   • c. 740, 忠談師 (Chungdamsa), “讚耆婆郞歌 (Changiparang-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa):

     心未際叱肹逐內良齊

     *MOSOm-oy KOs-hor CWOCH-no-a-cye

     I shall follow the ends of your heart

Reconstruction notes

In Old Korean orthography, native terms with clear Chinese equivalents are usually written with an initial Chinese character (logogram) glossing the meaning of the word, followed by one or more Chinese characters (phonograms) that transcribe the final syllable or coda consonant of the term. In the case of 際叱, the first character shows that this is the native Old Korean word for “boundary”, and the subsequent character(s) show(s) that the coda consonant of this word is *-s. Because the semantics and the final phoneme(s) match, the word is conventionally reconstructed as *KOs, the ancestor of Middle Korean ᄀᆞᇫ〯 (Yale: kǒz). Note that the reconstruction was not necessarily the actual pronunciation. Rather, it should simply be considered as a method of representing an Old Korean form phonetically by using its Middle Korean reflex.

According to scholarly convention, the elements of the reconstruction which are not directly represented by phonograms are given in capital letters. This allows readers to identify what part of the reconstruction is attested and what part is applied retroactively from the Middle Korean reflex.

Although Old Korean writing does not mark pitch, the Middle Korean reflex shows rising pitch, which is the result of a merger of a low-pitch and high-pitch syllable. This means that the Old Korean noun stem was originally bisyllabic, possibly in the shape of *kòsV́ (where *V is an unknown minimal vowel).

Descendants

• Middle Korean: ᄀᆞᇫ〯 (kǒz)
  • Korean: 가 (ga)

References

• 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집, Seoul National University, page 51