防禦工事

Chinese

		to defend against; to guard against; defence	fortifications; defense works
trad. (防禦工事)		防禦	工事
simp. (防御工事)		防御	工事

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fángyù gōngshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ ㄩˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong⁴ jyu⁶ gung¹ si⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hông-gī-kang-sū

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fángyù gōngshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄩˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fángyù gongshìh
    • Wade–Giles: fang²-yü⁴ kung¹-shih⁴
    • Yale: fáng-yù gūng-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farngyuh gongshyh
    • Palladius: фанъюй гунши (fanʺjuj gunši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵ y⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fong⁴ jyu⁶ gung¹ si⁶
    • Yale: fòhng yuh gūng sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong⁴ jy⁶ gung¹ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong⁴ yu⁶ gung¹ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ²¹ jyː²² kʊŋ⁵⁵ siː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-gī-kang-sū
    • Tâi-lô: hông-gī-kang-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honggixkangsu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡi²²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁴¹⁻²² kaŋ³³ su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɡi²²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ ɡi³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

Noun

防禦工事

1. defence works; fortification

   • 這就是大規模的運動戰，而不是深溝高壘、層層設防、專靠防禦工事的陣地戰。 [MSC, trad.]
     这就是大规模的运动战，而不是深沟高垒、层层设防、专靠防御工事的阵地战。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1938, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論持久戰》 (On Protracted War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Zhè jiù shì dàguīmó de yùndòngzhàn, ér bù shì shēngōugāolěi, céngcéngshèfáng, zhuān kào fángyù gōngshì de zhèndìzhàn. [Pinyin]

     This means large-scale mobile warfare, and not positional warfare depending exclusively on defence works with deep trenches, high fortresses and successive rows of defensive positions.