閉關鎖國

Chinese

		to block the passage; to shut the gate; to close off the country	to close the country to foreigners
trad. (閉關鎖國)		閉關	鎖國
simp. (闭关锁国)		闭关	锁国

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bìguānsuǒguó

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bai³ gwaan¹ so² gwok³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bìguānsuǒguó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bìguansuǒguó
    • Wade–Giles: pi⁴-kuan¹-so³-kuo²
    • Yale: bì-gwān-swǒ-gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihguansuoogwo
    • Palladius: бигуаньсого (biguanʹsogo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bai³ gwaan¹ so² gwok³
    • Yale: bai gwāan só gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bai³ gwaan¹ so² gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: bei³ guan¹ so² guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯³³ kʷaːn⁵⁵ sɔː³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

Idiom

閉關鎖國

1. to cut off one's country from the outside world

   • 帝國主義的俄國變為社會主義的蘇聯，封建的閉關鎖國的日本變為帝國主義的日本，這些國家的地理和氣候並沒有變化。 [MSC, trad.]
     帝国主义的俄国变为社会主义的苏联，封建的闭关锁国的日本变为帝国主义的日本，这些国家的地理和气候并没有变化。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《矛盾論》 (On Contradiction), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Dìguó zhǔyì de Éguó biànwéi shèhuì zhǔyì de Sūlián, fēngjiàn de bìguānsuǒguó de Rìběn biànwéi dìguó zhǔyì de Rìběn, zhèxiē guójiā de dìlǐ hé qìhòu bìng méiyǒu biànhuà. [Pinyin]

     Imperialist Russia changed into the socialist Soviet Union, and feudal Japan, which had locked its doors against the world, changed into imperialist Japan, although no change occurred in the geography and climate of either country.