通勤
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Chinese
[edit]go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open |
diligent; frequent | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (通勤) | 通 | 勤 | |
simp. #(通勤) | 通 | 勤 |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tongcín
- Wade–Giles: tʻung1-chʻin2
- Yale: tūng-chín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongchyn
- Palladius: тунцинь (tuncinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tung1 kan4
- Yale: tūng kàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung1 kan4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung1 ken4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
[edit]通勤
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
通 | 勤 |
つう Grade: 2 |
きん Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
通勤 (kyūjitai) |
Coined after 通う (kayou, “to regularly visit”) and 勤め (tsutome) or 勤務 (kinmu, “job, occupation”). Kanji shifted to on'yomi in the compound.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- commuting to work
Verb
[edit]通勤する • (tsūkin suru) intransitive suru (stem 通勤し (tsūkin shi), past 通勤した (tsūkin shita))
- commute to work, go to work
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "通勤する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通勤し | つうきんし | tsūkin shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通勤し | つうきんし | tsūkin shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通勤する | つうきんする | tsūkin suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通勤する | つうきんする | tsūkin suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通勤すれ | つうきんすれ | tsūkin sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 通勤せよ¹ 通勤しろ² |
つうきんせよ¹ つうきんしろ² |
tsūkin seyo¹ tsūkin shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 通勤される | つうきんされる | tsūkin sareru | |
Causative | 通勤させる 通勤さす |
つうきんさせる つうきんさす |
tsūkin saseru tsūkin sasu | |
Potential | 通勤できる | つうきんできる | tsūkin dekiru | |
Volitional | 通勤しよう | つうきんしよう | tsūkin shiyō | |
Negative | 通勤しない | つうきんしない | tsūkin shinai | |
Negative continuative | 通勤せず | つうきんせず | tsūkin sezu | |
Formal | 通勤します | つうきんします | tsūkin shimasu | |
Perfective | 通勤した | つうきんした | tsūkin shita | |
Conjunctive | 通勤して | つうきんして | tsūkin shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 通勤すれば | つうきんすれば | tsūkin sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 通
- Chinese terms spelled with 勤
- Japanese terms spelled with 通 read as つう
- Japanese terms spelled with 勤 read as きん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese suru verbs