退く
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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退 |
ひ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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引く |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]退く • (hiku) intransitive godan (stem 退き (hiki), past 退いた (hiita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | ひか | hika |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | ひき | hiki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | ひく | hiku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | ひく | hiku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | ひけ | hike |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | ひけ | hike |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 退かれる | ひかれる | hikareru |
Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
ひかせる ひかす |
hikaseru hikasu |
Potential | 退ける | ひける | hikeru |
Volitional | 退こう | ひこう | hikō |
Negative | 退かない | ひかない | hikanai |
Negative continuative | 退かず | ひかず | hikazu |
Formal | 退きます | ひきます | hikimasu |
Perfective | 退いた | ひいた | hiita |
Conjunctive | 退いて | ひいて | hiite |
Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | ひけば | hikeba |
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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退 |
ど Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「退く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
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Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
退く | どく | [dòkú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 退け | どけ | [dòké] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 退かれる | どかれる | [dòkárérú] |
Causative | 退かせる | どかせる | [dòkásérú] |
Potential | 退ける | どける | [dòkérú] |
Volitional | 退こう | どこー | [dòkóꜜò] |
Negative | 退かない | どかない | [dòkánáí] |
Negative perfective | 退かなかった | どかなかった | [dòkánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 退きます | どきます | [dòkímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 退いた | どいた | [dòítá] |
Conjunctive | 退いて | どいて | [dòíté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | どけば | [dòkéꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]退く • (doku) intransitive godan (stem 退き (doki), past 退いた (doita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | どか | doka |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | どき | doki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | どく | doku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | どく | doku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | どけ | doke |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | どけ | doke |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 退かれる | どかれる | dokareru |
Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
どかせる どかす |
dokaseru dokasu |
Potential | 退ける | どける | dokeru |
Volitional | 退こう | どこう | dokō |
Negative | 退かない | どかない | dokanai |
Negative continuative | 退かず | どかず | dokazu |
Formal | 退きます | どきます | dokimasu |
Perfective | 退いた | どいた | doita |
Conjunctive | 退いて | どいて | doite |
Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | どけば | dokeba |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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退 |
の Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]退く • (noku) intransitive godan (stem 退き (noki), past 退いた (noita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | のか | noka |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | のき | noki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | のく | noku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | のく | noku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | のけ | noke |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | のけ | noke |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 退かれる | のかれる | nokareru |
Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
のかせる のかす |
nokaseru nokasu |
Potential | 退ける | のける | nokeru |
Volitional | 退こう | のこう | nokō |
Negative | 退かない | のかない | nokanai |
Negative continuative | 退かず | のかず | nokazu |
Formal | 退きます | のきます | nokimasu |
Perfective | 退いた | のいた | noita |
Conjunctive | 退いて | のいて | noite |
Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | のけば | nokeba |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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退 |
しりぞ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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斥く 却く 卻く |
Compound of 後 (shiri, “back”) + 退く (soku, “be pushed away, be made distant”, see below). The soku changes to zoku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]退く • (shirizoku) intransitive godan (stem 退き (shirizoki), past 退いた (shirizoita))
- step aside
- withdraw when with a superior
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | しりぞか | shirizoka |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | しりぞき | shirizoki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | しりぞく | shirizoku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | しりぞく | shirizoku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | しりぞけ | shirizoke |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | しりぞけ | shirizoke |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 退かれる | しりぞかれる | shirizokareru |
Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
しりぞかせる しりぞかす |
shirizokaseru shirizokasu |
Potential | 退ける | しりぞける | shirizokeru |
Volitional | 退こう | しりぞこう | shirizokō |
Negative | 退かない | しりぞかない | shirizokanai |
Negative continuative | 退かず | しりぞかず | shirizokazu |
Formal | 退きます | しりぞきます | shirizokimasu |
Perfective | 退いた | しりぞいた | shirizoita |
Conjunctive | 退いて | しりぞいて | shirizoite |
Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | しりぞけば | shirizokeba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 退か | しりぞか | sirizoka |
Continuative (連用形) | 退き | しりぞき | sirizoki |
Terminal (終止形) | 退く | しりぞく | sirizoku |
Attributive (連体形) | 退く | しりぞく | sirizoku |
Realis (已然形) | 退け | しりぞけ | sirizoke |
Imperative (命令形) | 退け | しりぞけ | sirizoke |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 退かず | しりぞかず | sirizokazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 退けど | しりぞけど | sirizokedo |
Causal conjunction | 退けば | しりぞけば | sirizokeba |
Conditional conjunction | 退かば | しりぞかば | sirizokaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 退きき | しりぞきき | sirizokiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 退きけり | しりぞきけり | sirizokikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 退きつ | しりぞきつ | sirizokitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 退きぬ | しりぞきぬ | sirizokinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 退けり 退きたり |
しりぞけり しりぞきたり |
sirizokeri sirizokitari |
Volitional | 退かむ | しりぞかむ | sirizokamu |
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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退 |
そ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]退く • (soku) intransitive †yodan
Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 退か | そか | soka |
Continuative (連用形) | 退き | そき | soki |
Terminal (終止形) | 退く | そく | soku |
Attributive (連体形) | 退く | そく | soku |
Realis (已然形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
Imperative (命令形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 退かず | そかず | sokazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 退けど | そけど | sokedo |
Causal conjunction | 退けば | そけば | sokeba |
Conditional conjunction | 退かば | そかば | sokaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 退きき | そきき | sokiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 退きけり | そきけり | sokikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 退きつ | そきつ | sokitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 退きぬ | そきぬ | sokinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 退けり 退きたり |
そけり そきたり |
sokeri sokitari |
Volitional | 退かむ | そかむ | sokamu |
Derived terms
[edit]- 退く (shirizoku, see above)
Verb
[edit]Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
Continuative (連用形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
Terminal (終止形) | 退く | そく | soku |
Attributive (連体形) | 退くる | そくる | sokuru |
Realis (已然形) | 退くれ | そくれ | sokure |
Imperative (命令形) | 退けよ | そけよ | sokeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 退けず | そけず | sokezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 退くれど | そくれど | sokuredo |
Causal conjunction | 退くれば | そくれば | sokureba |
Conditional conjunction | 退けば | そけば | sokeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 退けき | そけき | sokeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 退けけり | そけけり | sokekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 退けつ | そけつ | soketu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 退けぬ | そけぬ | sokenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 退けたり | そけたり | soketari |
Volitional | 退けむ | そけむ | sokemu |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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- Japanese terms spelled with 退 read as ひ
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